Abanyamurenge batuye mu mahanga baritegurira ihuriro ribahuza buri mwaka.

Yanditswe ku minsi 04 / 11 /2012 - 4:08:36

Umuji wa Des Moines

Ifoto: Google

 Abanyamurenge batuye mu mahanga baritegurira ihuriro (convention) ribahuza buri mwaka. Mu mwaka ushize, nibgo iri huriro ryateranaga ubga mbere mu ntara ya Maine, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Uyu mwaka bikaba biteganyijwe yuko iki gikorwa kizabera mu muji wa Des Moines, mu ntara ya Iowa, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ku minsi 26 na 27 y'ukwezi kwa gatanu. Iyi gahunda itegurwa kandi igashirwa mu bikorwa n'umuryango w'Abanyamurenge muri Amerika na Canada, MAHORO.

Imurenge.com yashatse kumenya uko iki gikorwa gitegurwa ndetse n'intego zaco, maze yegera umuyobozi mukuru wa MAHORO, Jean Paul Murwanashaka. Mu kiganiro c'iminota 17 twagiranye nawe k'umurongo wa telephone, Jean Paul yagize ati: "... Hashize imyaka ibiri twaratangiye gukora ikintu nk'ico; twabitewe cane cane nuko twabonye nta rubuga tuza tugira abantu bacu bose, guhera ku baje ino mbere n'abaje nyuma. Nta rubuga twigeze tugira rwo kuvuga ngo tuzozaduhura tuganire ku bibazo tugenda duhura nabyo mu buzima muri iki gihugu... N'uburyo bgo gutegura urubyiruko rwacu kugira ngo rugerageze guprofita ama opportunites ari muri kino gihugu niba twumva yuko tuzagira ico tumarira igihugu cacu ejo hazaza." Jean Paul yakomeje avuga yuko mu kwezi k'umunani Abanyamurenge bibuka ababo bazize akarengane haba mu Gatumba ndetse na mbere y'aho, ariko ntibabone umwanya wo kuganira ku bijanye n'ubuzima babayemo. Iyi ikaba ariyo mpamvu yatumye bashiraho iki gikorwa co guhura buri kwezi kwa gatanu bahujijwe n'ibyo biganiro gusa.

Abajijwe niba hari ico batekereza mu bijanye no gufasha abasigaye mu gihugu, Jean Paul yavuze yuko hariho ibikorwa umuryango MAHORO usanzwe ukora byo gutabara rimwe na rimwe, birimo gusura abantu baba bahuye n'ibyago mdetse n'ibibazo by'ubuvugizi ku bijanye n'ibibazo by'igihugu ca Congo (cane cane nk'igihe abantu bahohotewe). Yakomeje asobanura yuko convention ihujijwe n'ibikorerwa mu gihugu ca Congo mu buryo bubiri: uburyo bga mbere, muri convention haba hari ibiganiro byinshi bijanye n'ubuzima ndetse n'iterambere rya Congo. Ibi bigafasha abantu bari mu mahanga kubimenya no gufasha. Ikindi kandi ari naco kinini, Jean Paul avuga yuko ntabgo abantu bazaza bicara ngo bibgire yuko bazagera aho bashobora kuba bogira uruhare rugaragara muri Congo, batarirema mu bihugu by'amahanga. Mu yandi magambo, Jean Paul yavuze yuko nta kintu gifatika Abanyamurenge bazakora mu gihugu cabo batarabanza ngo bafatike mu bihugu by'amahanga. Aha yavugaga ku bijanye n'amikoro ndetse n'amashuri. Jean Paul yabajije ikibazo agira ati: "Ni gute twategura abantu bacu kugira ngo ejo bazagire uruhare mu guteza igihugu cacu imbere"? Yakomeje avuga yuko ibyo ari bimwe mu byo Convention ishingiyeho. 

Ikindi ciza c'iyi Convention, Jean Paul yavuze yuko ari ugukomeza kwibutsa abantu kugira ngo bareke kwibagirwa igihugu cabo. Mu magambo ye, yagize ati: "Uko tuzaza duhura buri mwaka, tuzazatuvuga ibibazo ariko tubiganisha iwacu; yuko tutagumye guhura byoza bitugora kugira ngo twese twibuke iwacu." Yongeye agira ati: "Ntitwibagirwe iwacu ariko kandi ntitwihebe ngo ntaco tuhaye tuhakorera yuko abantu benshi bakiri mu buzima bg'ubuhunzi, bitotubuza gukora ibyo dushoboye, ariko tukareba kure tukavuga ngo niba dushaka kuzakora ibiruta ibi bito dukora, tugomba kwemera gufata urugenzi rwo kubitegura." 

Jean Paul yakomeje avuga yuko iyi Convention ari gahunda ya MAHORO ariko ko bazagenda bakorana n'indi miryango y'Abanyamurenge ndetse n'indi miryango yose ishobora kwemera gushigikira iki gikorwa.

Abajijwe ikintu kidasanzwe bateguye muri Convention y'uyu mwaka ugereranyije n'iy'umwaka ushize, Jean Paul yavuze yuko bateganya kuzagenda babitunganya neza yuko iyabaye umwaka ushize yari iya mbere. Hariho ibiganiro bimwe na bimwe byakozwe umwaka ushize bumva yuko ari ngombga yuko byongera kugaruka uyu mwaka. Avuga yuko uyu mwaka hazakorwa ibikorwa bitandukanye by'imyidagaduro mu basore, harimo gusetsa abantu, n'ibitaramo by'umuco; hateganywa kandi gutumirwa abaririmbyi bakomeye. Gusa ubu bakaba bataramenya neza abazatumirwa, baba abo mu Rwanda cangwa abo muri Amerika. Ku minsi 26, umunsi w'iposho, hateganyijwe igitaramo c'abaririmbyi (concert). 

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Libiya : Imyivumbagatanyo yahitanye 17

Yanditswe kuya 15-02-2012 - Saa 08:45' na Manzi Bonny

Imyivumbagatanyo yabaye hagati y’amoko abiri "Zwai" na "Tobous" yabereye mu Mujyi wa Koufra muri Libiya yahitanye abaturage bagera kuri 17.
Amakuru dukesha BBC avuga ko umuvugizi wa CNT Mohammed al-Harizi yemeza ko nyuma y’aba 17 bamaze gushiramo umwuka abandi barenga 20 bakaba bakomeretse ndetse imibare ikababa ishobora gukomeza kwiyongera.
Mohammed al-Harizi avuga ko abantu bataramenyekana bateye uyu mujyi bitwaje intwaro bagatangira kurasa abatuye muri uyu mujyi ariko ngo bakomeje gukumirwa n’abasezerewe mu ngabo bibumbiye mu mutwe wa "Thouars" bakomeje kubarwanya kugeza aho babajije kwinjira mu mujyi rwagati .
Umwe mu baturage bakomoka mu bwoko bw’aba-Tobou avuga ko iki gikorwa kirimo gukorwa n’abo mu bwoko bwashatse kubatsemba no ku butegetsi bwa Kadhafi bw’aba-Zwai.
Ibi ntago ano moko yombi abivuga rumwe kuko abo mu bwoko bwa aba-Zwai bemeza ko bakoze ibyo bitero mu rwego rwo kwihorera kubera abantu babo batanu bishwe urwagashinyaguro n’abo mu bwoko bw’aba-Tobou.
Mu gihugu cya Libye buri kwezi ntabwo hasiba gupfa abantu kuva muri iki gihugu hatangira igikorwa cyo guhirika Kadhafi ku ngoma cyantangiye mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare 2011.

UMUJYANAMA WA PRESIDA KABILA YITABYE IMANA

INKURU IBABAJE: Umujanama mukuru wa Perezida Joseph Kabila yahitanywe n’impanuka y’indege naho guverineri wa Kivu y’amajepfo arakomereka.

Yanditswe ku minsi 02 / 13 /2012 - 3:46:47

Iki nico kiwanja c'indege c'i Bukavu.

Ifoto: Google

IOWA, AMERIKA - Amakuru dukesha Al Jazeera n’ay’impanuka y’indege yabereye mu ntara ya Kivu y’amajepfo, mu gace kegereye umuji wa Bukavu. Iyi mpanuka y’indege yabaye ejo umunsi w’iyinga. Nkuko byatangajwe na Richard Ilunga, iyi ndege yari irimo abatwara indege (pilots) babiri hamwe n’abagenzi basanzwe 10. Uyu Richard niwe watangaje urupfu rwa Augustin Katumba Mwanke, umujanama mukuru wa Perezida Joseph Kabila. Minisitiri ushinzwe transiporo muri Kivu y’amajepfo Laban Kyalangalilwa yatangaje yuko  Minisitiri w’imari Matata Ponyo Mapon na guverineri wa Kivu y’amajepfo Marcellin Cishambo Rohuya bari bantu babashije kurokoka iyi mpanuka. 

Umujanama mukuru wa Perezida Kabila yapfanye n’umwe mu batwaraga iyi ndege. Akimara kurokoka, guverineri wa Kivu y’amajepfo yahise ajanywa mu bitaro kugira ngo yitabgeho n’abaganga mu buryo bgihuye cane. Kyalangalilwa yakomeje avuga yuko abenshi mu bantu bari muri iyi ndege babashije kurokoka. Avuga kandi yuko bataramenya neza impamvu y’iyo mpanuka ariko ko bakomeje gutegereza ibizava mw’iperereza. Tubibutse yuko iyi ndege yari iy’abantu bikorera ku giti cabo. 

Ubusanzwe Congo ifite ikibazo gikomeye mu rwego rwa transiporo, aho usanga igihugu kinini kandi gifite ubutunzi nka kiriya kibura amabarabara. Impanuka z’indege ntizisiba guhitana abantu. Indege ya Hewa Bora Airways iri ku rutonde rw’indege zahagaritswe n’umuryango w’ibihugu by’iburaya bitewe n’ikibazo c’umutekano ariko usanga muri Congo yemerewe gukora.

 

Ibisobanuro n’amateka by’umunsi wa Saint Valentin

Yanditswe kuya 14-02-2012 - Saa 08:10' na MANZI BONNY

Ubusanzwe umunsi wa Saint Valentin wizihizwa tariki ya 14 Gashyantare ku isi hose ufatwa nk’umunsi w’abakundana, uwo munsi ukaba uhurirana n’umunsi Kiliziya Gatolika izirikana ku buzima bwa Mutagatifu Valantini.
Ariko kuri uwo munsi wa Saint Valentin (Valentine’s Day) hari ibintu byinshi bitandukanye bikunze kuvugwa, ariko si ko byose aribyo, kandi si nako abantu bose babyumvikanaho. Gusa uwo munsi wo urahari. Aha rero turagaruka kuri bimwe mu byagiye biranga uwo munsi kuva igihe watangiriye kugeza ubu, bimwe mu bisobanuro by’ibiwukorwaho ndetse n’uko wizihizwa mu mpande zitandukanye z’isi.
Kuri uwo munsi, abasore n’inkumi bakundana (couples) bahana impano zitandukanye ziganjemo impapuro zanditseho imitoma, n’indabo z’amaroza atukura ubusanzwe avuga urukundo rugurumana (passion).
Aha bivugwa ko buri mwaka, kuri Saint Valentin hoherezwa amakarita agera kuri miliyari imwe n’igice, muri yo 83.6% akaba atangwa n’abagore bayaha abo bakunda… Saint Valentin rero ikaba igwa mu ntege umunsi mukuru wa Noheli mu gutangwaho amakarita menshi.
Kuki St Valentin iba muri Gashyantare (Février/February) ?
Kera umunsi wo hagati mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare ufatwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’urukundo n’uburumbuke kuva mu bihe bya kera (Antiquité). Mu Bagereki, kwari ukwezi bibukagamo ubukwe bw’imana zabo zikomeye Zeus na Héra. Mu Baromani, tariki 15 Gashyantare wabaga ari umunsi bizihizagaho Lupercales, aho baturaga ibitambo Lupercus, imana y’uburumbuke (fertilité).

Abakundana bakunze guhana impano zitandukanye zirimo indabyo z'amaroza, amakarita n'ibindi

None se Saint Valentin ni nde ?
Muri Kiliziya Gatolika, habayeho ba Valentin 3 batandukanye bagiye bagirwa abatagatifu (saints) kubera ukwemera kwabo kutajegajega kwatumye bicwa nk’abahowe Imana (martyrs) n’ingoma z’igitugu zayoboraga Roma icyo gihe, hari mu kinyejana cya 3.
 Valentin wa Roma : Uyu yari padiri, yishwe mu kinyejana cya gatatu azira ukwemera kwe, ashyingurwa i Roma hafi y’inzira yitwa Via Flaminia ;
 Valentin wa Terni : We yari umwepiskopi (bishop), nawe akaba yarishwe, ashyingurwa aho uwa mbere yashyinguwe ;
 Valentin w’umumaritiri wo mu majyaruguru ya Afurika, amateka ye akaba atazwi neza ;
Muri aba ba Valentin 3 rero, uwitirirwa uriya munsi ni Valentin w’i Roma, bivugwa ko ku ngoma y’umwami w’abami Claude w’umugome (Claude Le Cruel), Roma yari mu ntambara abaturage batakundaga, maze afata icyemezo ko nta musirikari uzongera gushaka. Hagati aho, Valentin we yakomeje gusezeranya rwihishwa abakundanaga, harimo n’abasore b’abasirikare.
Byaje kumenyekana ibukuru n’uko arafungwa, ku munsi wo kunyongwa we rero (hari tariki 14 Gashyantare) yoherereza umukobwa wari ufite se wacungaga iyo gereza agapapuro kanditseho ngo “biturutse kuri Valentin wawe” Uwo mukobwa ngo Valentin yamwibonagamo… Ng’uko uko Valentin yagizwe umurinzi w’abakundana (le patron des amoureux).
Uko uyu munsi wa Saint Valentin wizihizwa ahantu hatandukanye :
 Ubundi kera uyu munsi wafatwaga nk’uw’abaselibateri kurusha abakundana. Abasore n’abakobwa bakinaga umukino aho abakobwa bihishaga, maze abasore bakabashaka ; iyo umusore yavumburaga umukobwa, bagombaga gushyingiranwa mbere y’uko umwaka urangira… Ibaze byari bitangaje !
 Mu kinyejana cya 14, nibwo mu Bwongereza uwo munsi wafashwe nk’uw’urukundo koko, kuko bemeraga ko inyoni z’ingabo n’iz’ingore zihura (accouplement/mating) kuri uwo munsi…
 Ku munsi wa Saint Valentin, bamwe mu bakirisitu bajya gusura ibisigazwa bye (reliques) ahantu hatandukanye mu Burayi ;
 Mu Bushinwa na Taiwan, kuva mu mwaka wa 1980 uyu munsi wa Saint Valentin urizihizwa cyane.
 Mu Buyapani ho ntibiba bisanzwe ! Kuri uwo munsi, abagore n’abakobwa bategetswe kuzanira abagabo n’abasore bakorana za chocolats zihenze.
Gusa mu Buyapabi kuri 14 Werurwe abagabo nabo barishyura, bagaha abo bashiki babo umwenda, urukweto cyangwa ikindi gifite ibara ry’umweru kandi gihenze inshuro nibura 3 kurenza ya chocolat yaguriwe. Iyo tariki ya 14 Werurwe bayita “White Day”.
 Uretse mu gihugu cya Muri Brésil ho bagira umunsi w’abakundana wihariye uba tariki 12 Kamena, ukaba witwa "dos namorados" ; muri Colombia ho uba ku wa Gatandatu wa gatatu w’ukwa cyenda, ukaba witwa "dia del amor y amistad" (umunsi w’urukundo n’ubucuti).
Mu Rwanda naho, kuva mu mwaka wa 1998 uyu munsi witaweho cyane, kandi ugenda utera imbere umwaka ku mwaka, ndetse kuri ubu mu bo tubona nk’abanyeshuri bo muri za kaminuza baba aribo baboneka nk’abawizihiza kurusha abandi cyane ko benshi baba babyungukiyemo kwerekana ingufu z’aho urukundo rwabo rugera.
Ubwo twatemberaha hirya no hino mu Mujyi wa Kigali twaganire n’abantu batandukanye bagira icyo badutangariza kuri uyu munsi ndetse bagira n’iyo babwira abakunzi babo.

AMATEKA Y'IMBYINO YIGISIMBA KUBWOKO BWABANYAMULENGE

 

Inkomoko n’amateka by’IGISIRIMBA na bimwe mu bitangaza Imana yakoreye abayumbe ba kera (Igice ca 2).

Yanditswe ku minsi 02 / 14 /2012 - 5:27:14

Piano, igikoresho cifashishwa cane mu Gisirimba c'ubu.

Ifoto: Google

CALIFORNIA, AMERIKA - Mu makuru yacu y’ubushize, twibanze cane ku nkomoko y’IGISIRIMBA na bimwe mu bitangaza Imana yakoreye abanyamasengesho ico gihe biciye mu mbaraga z’IGISIRIMBA. Ubu turabagezaho ibitangaza gusa Imana yabakoreye ibicishije nanone muri izi imbaraga. 

1). Mu mwaka wa 1986, ahitwa mu Gahwera, habereye igitaramo kidasanzwe. Mu gihe abandi bose bari baryamye mu masaha icenda zo mu rukerera, hari hariho abantu barindwi (7) bari maso, barimo Serende, nyakwigendera Muhirwa, Rugina, Pasteur Dawudi, na Gatonzi. Bigeze mu masaha 10 y’urukerera, Rugina yabonye marayika hejuru munzu, dore ko yari yicaye mu mbere yegamiye igisika. Amaze kumubona, Rugina yaragurutse aramusanga ashaka kumufata aho yari atunganye kw’idari. Marayika ntiyemeye yuko amufata, ahubgo yaramuhunze asubira aho Rugina avuye muri ca kirambi. Nanone Rugina yasubiye muri ca kirambi aja ku mufata. Abonye yuko Marayika agiye kumusiga, yasatuye igisika c’inzu arasohoka hanze. Ababo babonye yuko aca mu rusika rw’inzu ararusatura, arasohoka hanze. 

Ibyo byose, nkuko Serende abyemeza, byabaye nko mu masegonda make (guhumbya no guhumura). Uwo bari bicaranye na Rugina yumvise yicaye mu mazi yuko imvura yariko igwa, mbese ikiziba c’amazi catembeye mu nzu. Rugira amaze kugera hanze, ubgenge bgaragarutse akomanga ku muryango usanzwe ababo baramukingurira. Ikindi kintu gitangaje, ababo bamubajije uko byamugendeye, Rugina yababgiye yuko igihe yamenaga urusika rw’inzu yumvise asa n’umuntu unyereye mu mavuta. 

2). Undi munsi Serende nawe yaragurutse ntiyabimenya ubgo bari ku Mugogo wo kwa Maryogo, aha ni mu karere ko ku Ndondo. Uti byagenze gute? Serende yarasohotse aho basengeraga yiruka ari mu mwuka, agiye kwisanga yisanga mu nzu y’umuntu yari ikinze (ni kurya abantu bajaga gutarama bagasiga bakinze amazu). Ababo nibo bamukinguriye bamusanga imbere kandi babimubgira akabihakana. Mbese yavugaga yuko atamenye uko byagenze. 

3). Igihe kimwe na kimwe, ubgo babaga baririmba bari mu mwuka mu nzu y’amasengesho (mu maombi cangwa mu rubunga), Serende yaragurukaga agaca mu tudirisha duto cane tw’inzu agasohoka abishobojwe n’Umwuka Wera. Abashobora kubyibuka, utu tudirisha twabaga ari duto cane ku buryo twabaga tungana n’igipfuntsi c’ukuboko k’umuntu. Badusigaga kugira ngo imyotsi izibona aho isohokera mu mwanya babaga bakomeje mu nzu. Mu yandi magambo, yaragurukaga nk’inyoni akisanga hanze. 

4). Hariho umwami w’Umubembe witwaga Bicinginyi wo mu Gipupu, mu Mibunda. Uyu mwami yahahazaga Abanyamurenge cane. Ubgo yamaraga gufunga Abanyamurenge abaziza ubusa, uyu mwami yabashiraga munsi y’igitanga akabiyuhagiriraho. Mbese agahagarara hejuru y’igitanga akiyuhagira nabo bari munsi yaco. Abanyamurenge baramutinyaga cane. Imana ibgira abayumbe ngo baje kumusengera; ibaha n’ibimenyetso. Abasenzi batatu nibo bagiye kubohora abari bafunzwe. Kubera yuko Imana yari yabahaye ibimenyetso bifatika, bamaze kubimubgira, yababagiye inkoko ayima nyirabukwe wari waje kumusura kandi mu Babembe ari ikizira kutabagira nyirabukwe w’umuntu. Bamaze kurya ya nkoko, umwami abaha imfungwa barazitahana. 

5). Mu masengesho yo mu butayu (mu mashamba), imbaraga z’IGISIRIMBA zakoze ibitangaje. Kubera kubura amakaramu yo kwandikisha amandiko, bifashishaga amakara yaka umuriro bakayandikisha amandiko akabazimiraho kandi ntibashe. Kandi ibi byakoraga abandi hafi ya bose mu masengesho. Babashaga no gukandagira mu muriro ariko ntibashe. 

6). Nanone mu ntambara Abanyamurenge bahuye nazo za Mayi Mayi i Murenge, Imana yabgiraga aba basenzi kuja ahantu bagashinga igiti c’umusaraba babajije. Imana ikongera ikababgira ngo nta mwanzi uzarenga aho hantu bashinze ico giti. Ibi niko byagendaga. 

Nyuma ya filime y'ubukwe bga Kinyamurenge, Freddy Nzabonimpa bita Rutebuka yatugejejeho gahunda ye nsha.

Yanditswe ku minsi 01 / 09 /2012 - 2:01:44

Freddy Nzabonimpa

Ifoto: Facebook

 Nyuma yo gukina muri filime y'ubukwe bga Kinyamurenge yasohowe n'umuryango Ambassadors Ministries ufite icicaro mu gihugu ca Kenya, Freddy Nzabonimpa wakinye ari Rutebuka yadutangarije yuko ari mu myiteguro yo gukora indi filime. Ku bantu bagize amahirwe yo kureba iyi filime, umwanditsi akaba n'umukinyi w'amafilime, Rutebuka, yakinye ari umukwe. Mu yandi magambo, Rutebuka n’umugeni nibo bagaragaye cane muri iyi filime, dore ko aribo filime yari yubakiyeho kubera yuko yakinywe mu rwego rwo kwibutsa no kwigisha abantu uko ubukwe bukorwa mu Banyamurenge. 

Nkuko yabyivugiye mu butumwa yatwohereje, Rutebuka yabivuze mu magambo akurikira:

Mu minsi yashize, nibgo twabagezagaho filime twakoze kubijanye n'uko ubukwe bga Kinyamurenge bgakorwaga kera. Nyuma yo kurebera hamwe ibyo dukwiriye gukora nk'abahanzi ba Kinyamurenge, dukomeje kwigisha abantu umuco mu magambo no mu bikorwa. Bamwe mu bahanzi bakoze filime ya mbere, bongeye kugira ikindi gitekerezo co gukora iyindi filime yerekana ubuzima bg'umwana w'impfubyi, uko ababazwa kandi benshi ntibamwiteho.

Imurenge.com imubajije izina ry'iyi filime, Rutebuka yirinze kugira ico abivugaho bitewe nuko izina ritaremezwa. Rutebuka yadutangarije kandi yuko afite gahunda yo gukorana n'abandi bakinyi b'amafiime batandukanye.

Umwanditsi akaba n'umukinyi wa filime Freddy Nzabonimpa bita Rutebuka

IBIHE 10 BIKOMEYE MUBIRABURA BO MURI AMERIKA

Ibihe icumi bikomeye mu mateka y’abirabura bo muri Amerika
Yanditswe kuya 16-01-2012 - Saa 08:18' na MANZI BONNY

Buri bantu ku isi bagira amateka yabaranze, ayo bitaho kurusha ayandi hamwe n’atavugwa cyane kubera aba adafite uburemere bukomeye, muri iyi nyandiko twagerageje gukusanya ibihe 10 byibukwa cyane mu mateka y’abirabura bo muri Amerika.
Twakusanyije kuva bagezwa muri iki gihugu nk’abaretwa kugera kuri uyu munsi. Bimwe muri ibyo bihe twavugamo :
10. Gukurirwaho uburetwa
Kuri uyu munsi tariki ya 22/09/1862 nibwo perezida Abraham Lincoln yatangaje ko nta mwirabura ugomba kongera kwitwa umuretwa w’umuzungu runaka muri leta 11 zari ziganjemo uburetwa (confederate states), ko umwirabura ubu yemerewe kujya akora aho ashatse kandi agahemberwa ibyo yakoze ku bwumvikane. Bwa kabiri tariki 01/01/1863 yongeye gusohora itegeko rivuga leta icumi mu izina zitemerewemo na gato kugira ubuhake n’uburetwa (hatarimo leta ya Texas), ibi Lincoln ntabwo byamuhaye urukundo rw’abanyamerika n’ubwo abirabura benshi batangiye guhabwa ubwigenge ariko na Lincoln byamukururiye ibibazo biri no mu byatumye araswa muri 1865.

Gukurirwaho uburetwa

9. Kwemererwa n’amategeko gutora
Iri tegeko ryaje mu 1965 ribuza leta zose zigize Amerika kugira umuturage zibuza gutora cyangwa kuvuga ibitekerezo bye kubera ikibazo cy’uruhu, aha bashakaga kuvuga kubera ari umwirabura, kenshi mu mvuga isa nk’iyubashye bavugaga “colored people”. Gusa iri tegeko muri leta zimwe na zimwe babanzaga guha ikizamini umwirabura utora ngo barebe niba azi gusoma byibuze kugira ngo bemere ijwi rye. Iri tegeko ryashyizweho umukono na perezida Lyndon B. Johnson.

Kwemererwa n’amategeko gutora

8. Icyumweru cy’amaraso “Bloody Sunday”
Rwari urugendo ruva ahitwa Selma rugana Montgomery mu mwaka w’ 1965, rwari rwateguwe n’uwitwa Amelia Boynton n’umugabo ruhuriramo n’abandi birabura bari bakomeye muri icyo gihe nka Hosea Williams, James Bevel na Martin Luther King Jr. hari taliki ya 08/03/1965 ubwo abantu bagera kuri 600 bahutswemo na polisi yitwaje ibikoresho byo kubakumira, barakubitwa bihagije bamwe baranafungwa, gusa abasigaye ntabwo bacitse intege, bongeye kugerageza urwo rugendo umunsi ukurikiyeho nabwo birananirana, rwaje kurangizwa ibirometero 87 ku wa 21/03 ubwo bashoboraga kuva Selma bakagera Montgomery, uyu munsi mu mateka y’abirabura wiswe “Bloody Sunday”.

Urugendo rwitiriwe icyumweru cy’amaraso “Bloody Sunday”

7. Guhabwa uburenganzira bukwiye muri 1964
Icyiswe “Civil right act of 1964” ni kimwe mu mateka akomeye y’abirabura bo muri Amerika aho amategeko yongeye gushimangira ko bashobora gutora kandi bakurirwaho kwiga mu mashuri yabo bonyine, byaremejwe ko kuva icyo gihe abirabura bashobora kwiga mu bigo by’amashuri bimwe n’abazungu. Iri tegeko ryagejeje abantu kuri byinshi aho hatari hakiri imbogamizi mu modoka nka bus, muri guverinoma ndetse no mu itangwa ry’akazi. Ntabwo byahise byubahirizwa kuko abazungu benshi ntabwo bari bagashoboye kumva ko bishoboka kubana n’abirabura nk’abandi bantu bameze kimwe, gusa mu myaka yagiye ikurikira bitewe n’uko ryari itegeko, ryagiye ritanga umusaruro mwiza.

Amerika aho amategeko yongeye gushimangira ko bashobora gutora kandi bakurirwaho kwiga mu mashuri yabo bonyine

6. Urugendo rwa Montgomery rwamagana ivangura mu modoka zitwara abantu “public transport”
Urugendo rwa Montgomery ho muri leta ya Alabama rwari urugendo rugamije kwanga amategeko ya leta yatumaga habaho ivangura mu gutwara abagenzi. Uru rugendo n’ubundi rwitabiriwe n’abirabura bakomeye nka Martin Luther King Jr, Ralph Abernathy n’abandi benshi.
Ingaruka zarwo zageze ku bukungu bwa leta ya Alabama aho benshi mu batwara amamodoka bari abirabura nabo bakanga gutwara ahubwo bakinjira muri uru rugendo. Rwatangijwe no kuba uwitwa Rosa Parks yaranze guham umwanya we umuzungu kuko yari ananiwe, rutangira taliki ya 01/12/1955 rurangira taliki 20/12/1956 nyuma y’umwaka wose aho leta yahisemo gutora itegeko rituma abantu bose bisanga, bakagenda muri bus imwe nta nkomyi.

Urugendo rwa Montgomery rwamagana ivangura mu modoka zitwara abantu

5. Urukiko rukuru rwatangaje ko abirabura badahabwa amahirwe yo kwiga amwe n’abazungu
Ibi byiswe “Brown Verses Board of Education of Topeka” hari muri 1954 ubwo urukiko rukuru rwa Amerika rwatangaje ko leta zemera ko habaho amashuri y’abirabura n’ayabazungu atuma abirabura batabona amahirwe amwe yo kwiga nk’ayo abazungu babona, iki cyemezo cyaje gihirika icyari cyarashyizeho na Plessy Ferguson muri 1986.

Urukiko rukuru rwatangaje ko abirabura badahabwa amahirwe yo kwiga amwe n’abazungu

4. Jesse Owens n’imikino ya Olimpike y’1936
Uyu musore w’umwirabura James Cleveland Owens wakundaga kwitwa Jesse Owens yavutse kuri 12/12/1913 apfa kuri 31/03/1980, yahagarariye Amerika mu mikino ngororamubiri “Jeux Olympiques” mu mwaka wa 1936, aha zari zabereye mu Budage aho intego ya Adolf Hitler yari iyo kwereka isi ko abadage ari ubwoko buri hejuru y’abandi kandi ko abirabura ari abanyuma n’abayahudi. Ibi byanyomojwe na Jesse James aho yatahanye imidari ine yose ya zahabu agatangaza rubanda ari nako ahesha ishema abirabura batafatwaga nk’abantu bagize icyo bashoboye na kimwe. Yatsinze umudage Ralph Metcalfe mu gusiganwa metero 100 tariki 03/08/1936, arongera aba uwambere muri metero 200, uwa mbere mu gusimbuka ndetse no mu kwiruka 4/100 m, niwe mwirabura wa mbere wambaye urukweto rwa Adidas yahawe na nyiri gukora izi nkweto Adi Dassler mu rwego rwo kumufasha mu mikino ye.

Jesse Owens mu mikino ya Olimpike

3. Michael Jackson, umwirabura wa mbere kuri MTV no kwakirwa nk’intwari muri perezidansi
Hari mu mwaka wa 1983 ubwo nta ndirimbo y’umwirabura yari yemerewe guca kuri televiziyo y’abazungu mtv, ibi byaje kurangiza n’indirimbo Billie Jean yaje kwerekanwa inshuri nyinshi kuri iyi televiziyo bityo ibimburira abandi birabura kuba banyura kuri iyi televiziyo n’ubwo byafashe igihe, uyu Michael Jackson kandi yaje guhabwa igihembo bwa mbere ku mwirabura na perezida bwite wa American Ronald Reagan, aha yamushimiraga ibikorwa byinshi yakoreye abirabura ndetse n’isi muri rusange, aha hari kuri 14/05/1984. Mu mwaka wa 2009 indirimbo Thriller yinjijwe mu cyitwa “National Film Registry” niyo ndirimbo yonyine mu mateka yashyizwe mu rwego rwa Film.

Michael Jackson, umwirabura wa mbere kuri MTV no kwakirwa nk’intwari muri perezidansi

2. Urugendo rwa Washington, 1963(March on Washington)
Uru rugendo rwabaye taliki ya 28/08/1963, ruhuriramo abantu batagira ingano mu baruteguye harimo Martin Luther King Jr, wanahavugiye ijambo ryasigaye mu mitwe ya benshi, ijambo yise “I have a dream”.
Impamvu nyamukuru y’uru rugendo yari iyo kugaragaza agahinda n’akababaro abirabura babayemo cyane cyane ababaga muri leta z’amajyepfo ya Amerika bakoreshwaga imirimo irenze ukwemera. Muri iki gikorwa hari hateganyijwe kuza kuvuga no gushyira mu majwi amazina ya bamwe mu bayobozi batuma abirabura batabona uburenganzira kubera ko batabyitaho, gus ntabwo byaje kubaho, abanyamuryango b’ikitwa “Nation of Islam” harimo na Malcom x ntabwo bari bemerewe kugera hano kubera ko hari byinshi batemeranyagaho na Martin Luther King jr hari nk’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu n’iterabwoba, MLK yashakaga ko habaho ibiganiro by’amahoro ku mpande zombie mu gihe Malcom x we wavugaga ati “By any means” ati icyo twakora cyose n’iyo byasaba ingufu kuko twarihanganye bihagije. Iri jambo Luther King Jr yavuze, I have a dream ryanyuze imbaga yari aho kuri Lincoln memorial, kuri ubu rifatwa nka rimwe mu magambo akarishye mu mateka ya America yose.

Urugendo rwa Washington, 1963(March on Washington)

1. Barack Obama, perezida wa mbere w’umwirabura
Aha nta byinshi tubivugaho kuko bibaye vuba birazwi ko Barack Obama ariwe perezida wa mbere w’umwirabura wabayeho, yavutse taliki 04/08/1961 ku mubyeyi ukomoka muri Kenya n’umunyamerika kazi. Yarahiriye kuba perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika taliki 20/01/2009, atangira manda ya mbere y’imyaka ine.

Barack Obama, perezida wa mbere w’umwirabura

Hari abandi bayobozi bagiye babaho nka Doug Wilder, wabaye guverineri wa mbere w’umwirabura, yayoboye leta ya Virginia ahagana muri 1989. Hari abandi nka Jackie Robinson, umwirabura wa mbere wemerewe gukina muri MLB “Major League Baseball” akinira ikipe ya Brooklyn Dodgers mu mwaka wa 1947. Tiger Woods, umwirabura wa mbere wageze ku ntera ikomeye mu mukino wa golf, Oprah Winfrey umwirabura wa mbere wagize ikiganiro gikunzwe kurusha abandi….