AMATEKA Y’ABANYAMURENGE

IKIGANIRO KU AMATEKA Y’ABANYAMURENGE.

IMPAMVU ZO GUHUNGA NO KUNYANYAGIRA KW’ISI KW’ABAKONGO B’ABANYAMULENGE.

1. ABANYAMULENGE NI BANTU IKI?

Abanyamulenge n’abakongomani bo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi bakomoka mu bice bitatu aribyo:

·         U Rwanda,

·         U Burundi na Tanzaniya bya mbere y’ubukoroni.

Abanyamulenge bavuga ururimi rw’ikinyamurenge rugira amagambo amwe n’amwe rutira mu zindi ndimi  z’abaturanyi nk’igipfurero ,n’igishi ariko kikaba gifite isano rinini n’ikinyarwanda nndetse n’ikirundi kuko n’izo ndimi tuvuze z’abaturanyi  zifite amagambo zihuriyeho n’ikirundi n’ikinyarwanda.

Abanyamurenge n’abakongomani buzuye bitewe n’igabanganwa rya Afrika ryakozwe n’abakoroni I Berlin mu Budage mu 1885.

Mbere y’izo tariki tuvuze haruguru,abanyamurenge bari bayoboye ama Groupements-Chefferies atatu:

Ø  Chefferie Gahutu,

Ø  Chefferie Kayira,

Ø  Chefferie Nyirimuhanga.

2. INKOMOKO Y’IMINDYANE MU MOKO YO MUBURASIRAZUBA BWA CONGO.

              Ayo ma Chefferies yaje gukurwaho n’abakoloni b’abababirigi mu mwaka wa 1933 hishingikirijwe ku rwandiko(Lettre circulaire)rwanditswe na Ministre w’ubukoloni witwaga L.FRANK ku itariki ya 08/11/1920 yo gukuraho udu Chefferies duto duto yitwazako ari ukumara akajagari.

Nibwo abanyamurenge batangiye kwitwa amazina ya(Sans terres,non originaires,non autochtones,immigrés,).Umuntu wese yakwibaza impamvu ama Chefferies yose y’abanyamurenge ariyo yakuweho yonyine.abo bakoroni ba babirigi bategura amacyakubiri nkay;iwabo arangwa hagati ya abawalo nab aba flama.ibyo bigaragarira mu bindi bihugu ba coronige nku Rwanda n,Uburundi.

Ku minsi 30/06/1960 nibwo Kongo yaronse ubwigenge,ariko ubwo bwigenge bwabaye ubwa bamwe bishaka kuvuga ko abanyamulenge bahejwe mu buyobozi ndetse no murage w’igihugu.

Ku itariki ya 15/04/1964,nibwo havutse umutwe wigometse ku butegetsi bwa Congo uyobowe n’uwitwaga Pierre Mulele afatanije n’abagabo babiri Gaston Soumialo na Laurent Desire Kabila.

Uwo mutwe w’abigometse ku buyobozi bwa Congo watangiriye mu ntara(Province)ya Bandundu uzanwa muri Sud-Kivu n’umugabo witwaga Antoine Malandura.Uwo mutwe ntiwatinze kwigarurira ikiyaya cya Rusizi na ville ya Uvira kugeza Fizi.

ANC(Armée Nationale Congolaise)ntiyatinze kuhabakura nibwo bahungiye ku misozi miremire y’I murenge bakunze kwita ( hauts Plateaux d’Itombwe)kuko bari  bafite amahame ya Communisme socialism.Amahame yavugaga ko ubutunzi bwose bugabanganwe kugirango habe iringanizwa ry’abakene n’abatunzi ibyo bikagaragara ko bashakaga kunyaga abanyamurenge inka zabo bakazibanya andi moko y’abaturanyi atarazigiraga. n’ukuvuga bene wabo  b’ababembe,abapfurero n’abanyintu. Kwari ukugirango bashire mu bikorwa indoto ya Karl Marx zo gukuraho ubusumbane zigahindura isi Paradizo.

Ibyo ntibyatinze gutera amacakubiri hagati y’uwo mutwe w’abagumutsi n’abaturage b’abanyamurenge.Nibwo abanyamurenge bifatinyije na ANC yari imaze kunanirwa kubakura mu misozi miremire ya:Rurambo,Gahororo,Kirumba,Muhe,Gitavi n’ahandi henshi.

Ubwo nibwo abasore b’abanyamurenge biyunze na ANC biyemeza ko bashoboye kubakura muriyo misozi.Bahise babishyira  mungiro abagumutsi bahungira muri Collectivite ya Ngandja bahinduka aba bandits bo kwiba inka z’abaturage b’Abanyamurenge.

Byumvikanako abantu bapfaga ari abanyamulenge cyangwa ariya moko agize uwo mutwe.Iyo ntsinzi ya Leta ya Congo bayitiriye aba Combattants b’Abanyamulenge.Kubera iyo mpamvu havutse urwango rukabije hagati y’ababembe,Abapfurero,Abavira mu ruhande rumwe n’Abanyamurenge mu rundi.

Mu mwaka wa 1969,habaye amahoro(Pacification Nationale),nibwo intambara yahinduye isura iba iya Politike ishingiye ku ivangura ry’ubwoko bw’abatutsi.Nibwo Abanyepolitiki bakomoka murayo moko baturwanyaga barwanyije byimazeyo abatutsi babaregako ari abashyitsi baturutse mu Rwanda no mu Burundi ,biyibagizako:

v  bamwe mu bapfurero bafite inkomoko yo mu Buganda mu bwami bw’abanyoro(Royaume de Bunyoro, abandi bagakomoka mu barundi b’abahutu(abazige).

v  Ababembe bagakomoka I Rwindi mu Barega,

v  Naho Abajoba(ababwari)bagakomoka muri Tanzaniya.

Nyuma ya rebellion ya Mulele muri 1969,nibwo y’amazina yavuzwe haruguru yiswe Abanyamurenge yakoreshejwe ku mugaragaro ariyo:“OUTSIDERS,BA ENVAHISSEURS,BA SANS TERRES”.

Mu kurwanya Abatutsi bose bitwaje impamvu zikurikira:

ü  Izina ry’umunyamulenge bavugako ari iribadikano,ko biyitiriye umusozi wa MURENGE.

ü  Imvugo y’ikinyamulenge n’indemo ye,bavugako bisa n’iby’abatutsi bo mu Rwanda no mu Burundi

ü  Birengagizako:

ü  izina ry’Abapfurero nabo biyitiriye imisozi ya       BUPFURERO,

ü  Abarega biyitirira akarere k’I Burega,

ü  Abashi biyitirira akarere k’ibushi,

Birengagizako Conference ya Berlin yo muri 1885,ititaye ku mbibi  Afrika ya mbere y’ubukoloni yari ifite.Urugero:

1.      Ubwoko bwita Ababemba bo muri Congo,bisanga kandi muri Zambia,

2.      Ubwoko bw’abakongo nabwo bisanga mu bihugu 3  aribyo Kongo Kinshasa,Congo-Brazza na Angola,

3.      Abitwa Abandande nabo bisanga muri Nord-Kivu(DRC),ahitwa I I Butembo na Uganda ahitwa Kasese,

Ayo moko yose tuvuze haruguru yisanga mu bihugu bitandukanye nta kibazo bagira muri Congo kuko bavugako ari benewabo ba BATOUS.Urugero,nuko usanga impunzi z’abanyarwanda za 1994 n’abarundi bahunze muri 1972 nta kibazo gishingiye kuri Politiki muri Congo.

Hanze y’imipaka ya Congo,Abasomali,n’aba Ethiopiya bisanga muri Somali na Ethiopie bakisanga no muri Kenya.Imvugo n’indemo byabo nabyo birasa muribyo bihugu byose.       Bityo,Izo mpamvu zose zitwajwe nta shingiro zifite.

3. URUHARE RWA LETA YA CONGO MURI IZO MVURURU.

                Mu mwaka wa 1981 Leta yasohoye itegeko rikumira abo bise mu rurimi rw’igifaransa “les Transplantés”ku bwenegihugu n’ubundi burenganzira bw’ibanze mu gihugu bitwaje impamvu zikurikira:

ü  U Rwanda n’U Burundi ntibyigeze na rimwe byemerera ubwenegihugu abantu bakomoka muri Congo,

ü  Ko Abatutsi batemerera gushingirana n’andi moko ya Congo,

ü  Ko Abatutsi bakomeje imico yabo ibyo byavuzwe na “Centre d’Etude sur la Région des Grands Lacs d’Afrique,d’Envers,Decembre 1996,P.14”

Nubwo iryo tegeka ritarebaga Abanyamulenge,abanye Politiki babi baboneyeho kurikoresha mu kurwanya ubwenegihugu bw’Abanyamurenge n’abandi batutsi b’abanyekongo bakavugako “Udashobora kuba Umututsi ngo wongere ube Umukongomani”.Nibwo mu myaka ya 1982-1987 za Candidatures z’abatutsi ba Congo zakuwe kuri liste z’aba “Parlementaires” babashinjako ari abashitsi(nationalité douteuse) biyibagizako bivuguruje kuko abatutsi b’abakongomani bari barangije izindi mandats zirenga zibiri bari muri Parlement nka RWAKABUBA SHINGA na MUHOZA GISARO Isaac.Iryo Vangura ry’ubwoko bw’abatutsi mu nzego z’ubuyobozi bwa Leta ntiryigeze rya ryamaganwa n’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu,haba amatorero cyangwa se société civile.

                         Ingaruka ziryo vangura n’uko Abanyamulenge batwitse impapuro z’amajwi y’amatora.Izo mpanuka ntabwo zigeze zivugwa n’itangazamakuru rya Congo kuko Leta nyirabayazana yatinyagako bimenyekana mu mahanga.

Leta imaze kubonako ibyo bidashobotse,ihindura “strategies”nibwo yapanze ibarura ryo kumenya umwenegihugu n’utariwe “Qui est zairois et qui ne l’est pas” (recensement ya identification).Uwafashe iyambere mu gushishikariza bagenzibe b’aba députés gukora iryo barura n’uwahoze yungirije Prezida w’Inteko nshingamategeko Anzuluni MBEMBE Ukomoka mu bwoko bw’Ababembe.Iyo recensement yabyaye impaka zarangiye hapfuye abantu babiri ahantu hitwa mu Turambo.RUKAMIRWA ukomoka mu bwoko  bw’abanyamurenge na NDURWE W’umubembe.

                      Bamwe biyitaga abakongomani ariko bakomoka mu Burundi no mu Rwanda nka MUSHOBEKWA WA KATANA,KANYEGERI w’umupfurero wahoze ari Parlementaire,KENGO WA DONDO WAHOZE ari Minisitiri w’intebe kugirango berekane ko ari abakongomani nibo bafashe iyambere mu kurwanya abatutsi nka RWAKABUBA SHINGA,MUSENYERI KANYAMACUMBI,n’abandi benshi……

Mu mwaka wa 1990,FPR INKOTANYI yateye u Rwanda,ubwo abatutsi bose muri Congo bongeye kugira ikibazo gikomeye bafatwa nk’abafasha abanzi b’u Rwanda kubera yuko FPR yari igizwe ahanini n’abatutsi kandi ari ntaho u Rwanda rwari ruhuriye na Cngo muri icyo kibazo.Iyo yabaye impamvu yemewe na Leta ya Congo yo guhohotera no kwica rubozo abatutsi.Abasore bose b’abatutsi biswe Inkotanyi.

Mu mwaka wa 1993,Abatutsi b’aba Kongomani bakoraga akazi k’ubwarimu mu mashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye mu gihugu cy’I Burundi barishwe kugeza kuwanyuma bazira ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi bwa Melchior NDADAYE ryakozwe n’abatutsi b’abarundi.

Mu mwaka wa 1994,abahutu bahunze u Rwanda basize bakoze jenoside y’abatutsi.Izo nkoramaraso zigeze muri Congo zikora icyo zise “Coalition pour la cause éthnique des Grands Lacs Africains”.Urwo rwunge rw’abicanyi rwari rufite intego yo gutsemba abatutsi abo ni: EX-FAZ,EX-FAR,INTERAHAMWE,FDD-Nyangoma,FNL-PALPEHUTU,FROLINA,

GRASAB(Groupe d’action et de soutien à Anzuluni MBEMBE) na ISILINYONGO,……

                Iryo huriro ry’abicanyi niryo ryaje gukora ibara I Murenge(Massacre des Banyamulenge en Aout 1996)niyo mpamvu inteko HCR-PT(Haut Conseil de la Republique-Parlement de Transition yari yarasohoye itegeko ku bwenegihugu bwa Congo rigira riti:”Umu zairwa ufite inkomoko yo mu Rwanda no mu Burundi hatitaweho igihe yaziye,yambuwe ku mugaragaro ubwenegihugu abaye;immigré cyangwese refugié cyangwase stranger,kubera iyo mpamvu,agomba kwirukanwa no kunyagwa ibye.Abo bavugwaga bari abatutsi n’ibyabo.

                Iryo huriro kandi niryo ryongeye gukora ubwicanyi ,ndetse jenoside y’abatutsi bo muri Nord Kivu bifatanije na Groupe Ngirima,Magrivi na Mai mai.Ubwo bwicanyi bwa Nord Kivu bwafashe intera nini ndetse abatutsi baricwa abacitse ku icyumu barahunga.

Ku minsi 19/12/1995,Komiseri wa zone ya Uvira,Bwana SHWEKA MUTABAZI II,yasohoye urwandiko No 507275157C.7/95 rusaba umuyobozi ushinzwe iperereza(SNIP) guhamagaza Abanyamurenge ba  Uvira   bose, kubata muri yombi,no kubasubiza mu Rwanda kugirango hubahirizwe itegeko rya HCR-PT.

D.URUHARE RWA SOCIETE CIVILE NA ONG’S.

               Ku minsi 16/09/1996,Umuvugizi wa ONU mu citwaga Zaire ,Bwana Roberton Garreton yashinje ubugambanyi n’ubwicanyi bw’abatutsi ama Societés Civiles nama ONG muraya magambo: ”Ont une responsabilité dans les évenements certaines Organisations de defense de droits de l’homme qui ont choisi l’incitation a la haine raciale et au nettoyage éthnique au lieu de la defense de persecutés”.Ama socités civiles amwe n’amwe yamaganye ibya nyirarureshwa ubwo bwicanyi ibwita tracasseries aho kubivuga mw’izina ry’ubwicanyi bushingiye ku bwoko buganisha kuri jenoside.Imwe murizo niyitwa “les heritiers de la justice”(ONG Protestante y’I Bukavu).Naho izindi zihitamo kwicecekera.

1.  UVIRA.

            Ihuriro rya za Organisation ryitwa Bucong(Bureau de Concertation des ONG’s na Lubunga/Fizi bahise basohora itangazo rikubiyemo ibibera mu misozi y’Itombwe.Umutwe waryo wavugaga uti: (Odyssée des Populations Tutsi Rwandaises,la part de la responsables des ONG’s Groupe Milima,point de vue des Associations membres Bucong Uvira et Lubunga Fizi).Abashizeho imikono ” signataires” banditse ijambo Tutsi Rwandais inchuro zirenga mirongo itatu na rimwe.

Ku itariki 31/11/1996,Umuyobozi w’indi ONG yitwa ACORD,Bwana PANDA WA MUKULA yandikiye mugenzi we w’I Bujumbura LOSELOSE amusaba kwifatanya naba Mai-Mai avuga muraya magambo”Pour calmer ton inquietude sur notre sort après la prise d’Uvira,par les rebelles tutsi autoproclames Banyamulenge,nos militants Mai-mai viennent de chaser les Rwandais du siege de la zone de Fizi 400 rwandais tués on arrive pas à enterer tout le monde”.Abo yavugaga n’aba sivili b’abaturage b’inganji.

2.  I BUKAVU.

            Imyigaragambyo yurudaca yakorewe I Bukavu yiswe anti-Tutsi iririmbwamo amasiroga avugango ”Batutsi bote barudiye kwabo hatubataki mu Zaire yetu”.Ndetse nyuma yo guhunga kw’abanyamurenge muri Bukavu(ku ntambara Mbudja-Mabe-Nkunda na Mutebutsi)abakongomani bandi moko bavuzeko “la ville de Bukavu Propre sans Tutsi”bivuga mu rurimi rwacuko Umujyi wa Bukavu ufite isuku kuko nta Mututsi ukiwurimo kuko bamwe bishwe abandi bahunze.

3.  I MASISI.

            Ihuriro ryitwa MAGRIVI ry’abahutu n’abahunde bari bihaye intego yo kumaraho abatutsi.Iryo huriro ryatsembye abatutsi rinabaroha mu mugezi witwa Kinihira n’abandi babataba mu byobo.

Mu mwaka wa 1990,ubwicanyi bukorwa na Leta(berêts rouges na SARM)n’abo ba MAGRIVI babashinja ko ari Inkotanyi.

4.  VYURA MU NTARA YA KATANGA.

                    Abatutsi babarizwaga hatatu:Nord Kivu,Sud Kivu na Katanga Vyura.Aha hari ku birometres 180 uva mu majyepfo ya ville ya Kalemie no muri 156 mu majyaruguru ya zone ya Moba.Abatutsi ba Byura bari mu ma collectivités atatu:

Nganya,Tumbwe na Kansabala.Ama localités yabo yari:Kabogola Kingungwa,Mukiza,Semabarabara,Karimundoga na Muzirandete.Hari hatuwe n’abatutsi 21,217.

Intambara za Politiki zabaga muri za Kivu zombi byura nayo ntiyasonewe.Nibwo habaye urukurikirane rw’intambara zikurikira:

      Intambara ya Kalabe: ku itariki ya 27/07/1985,umukuru w’Abatabwa witwaga Kalabe akaba n’uwigeze kuba Administrateur w’I Territoire yagoboye intambara yise Moba I na Moba II kandi ihitana abatari bake igamije gusubiza abatutsi mu Rwanda no mu Burundi.

      Intambara ya recensement:Ku itariki ya le 05/11/1989,intambara ya mbere ntiyashoboye kubirukana.Kubera iyi mpamvu hahinduwe strategies yo kubambura indangamuntu no kuzisimbuza Cartes d’immigres nyuma y’ibyo bakirukanwa izuba riva.Nibwo uwitwa Mukeba Mupanga,Commissaire sous regional abitegetswe n’uwahoze ari Ministre des affaires territorial wari umukuriye kandi nawe ukomoka murako gace Bwana Mwando NTSIMBA.Nibwo abanyamurenge babyanze,ubwo ba chefs nabagabo babohewe Lubumbashi mu gihe cy’Umwaka wose.

      Intambara y’imyambi:Ku itariki 01/01/19992 nibwo iyo ntabara yabaye izanwe n’uwitwa Nguz A Karl Bond wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe abifashijwemo kandi na MWANDO SIMBA bashuka aba Chefs de Groupements babiri:Bwana KABWELA na FATUMA nabo bashukashuka abaturage b’abatabwa kurwanya abatutsi bo muri byura bakoresheje imyambi n’imiheto.

4. INTAMBARA YO GUHIRIKA UBUTEGETSI BWA MOBUTU.

             Iyo ntambara yatangiriye mu burasirazuba bwa Congo Leta nayo iboneraho gutoteza no gutsemba ubwoko bw’abatutsi aho bwari buri hose bitwajeko bafasha AFDL yari iyobowe na L.D.Kabila kuko iyo ntambara yashigikiwe n’abari barabujijwe amahwemo no kwamburwa uburenganzira bwabo.Abatutsi baserukirwaga na Deogratias BUGERA na BIZIMA KARAHA na KAMANZI.Iyi niyo ntambara yatsembye ikanasenyera abatutsi bari batuye mu duce dukurikira:Masisi,Rucuru,Bibogobogo,I Mirimba na Nganji.

5. INTAMBARA YA RCD-KABILA

             Ku itariki 02/08/1998,indi ntambara yongeye kubuka mu burasirazuba bwa Congo.Ubwo umujyanama wo muri Perezidansi Abdulaye NDOMBASI YERODIYA,yahitishije itangazo kuri Radio na Televizio ryita abatutsi iminyorogoto igomba guhonyorwa naho uwitwa Mwenze KONGOLO Minisitiri muri Perezidansi ahitisha itangazo rigira riti:”Abatutsi bagomba kubona urwabonye Abayahudi(Les Tutsis doivent subir le sort des juifs)ubwo ararikira abaturage kwica abatutsi.Ubwicanyi butandukira aharenze Kms 2000 uvuye ahatangiriye intambara aho ni nka Byura,Kalemie,Moba,Kamina,Likasi,Lubumbashi,Kolwezi,Bujimayi,Kananga,Kinshasa,n’ahandi.Ubwo bwicanyi bwashyizwe mu bikorwa n’abasirikare ba Leta babifashijwemo n’abaturage babitegetswe na nyakwigendera Perezida Laurent Desiré Kabila.Abacitse ku icumu bo muri Province ya Katanga n’abandi bari baturutse mu ma Province atandukanye ya Congo bisanze muri Uvira.

                   Mu mwaka wa 2004,nibwo Leta ya Congo,inzego zibanze za Kivu y’amajyepfo ndetse n’izagisirikare byatangiye kwica abaturage b’abatutsi batuye mu ma villes ya Uvira na Bukavu.Abacitse ku icumu bahungira mu bihugu by’u Rwanda no mu  Burundi.

Abari batuye Bukavu bahungiye mu Rwanda naho abari  muri ville ya Uvira bahunze intambara yari hagati ya Gen.Laurent Nkunda,Col.Mutebutsi ku ruhande rumwe na , Gen.MBUDJA Mabe Commandant wa 10e Region Militaire ku rundi ruhande bahungira mu gihugu cy’I Burundi mu GATUMBA.Abatutsi 5000 bahatujwe na Guverinema y’u Burundi na HCR byavuzwe na Deo Mugongo”Ils ont été installés à Gatumba par le gouvernement Burundais et le HCR”.Nubwo hari hizewe umutekano wa Leta na HCR ntibyabujije abicanyi b’abasirikare b’abakongomani bafatikanjije na FNL-Palpehutu gutsemba mu buryo buteguye izo mpunzi z’abanyamurenge mu ijoro ryo kuwa 13-14/08/2004 bahitana 166 bakomeretsa abarenga 211.

           Ibi byose byagiye bikorwa Umuryango mpuzamahanga ubizi ariko ntihagira icyo ubikoraho usibye ubwicanyi bwo mu GATUMBA wakoreye Raporo zibiri:

1.      Raporo No 1577/2004 yakozwe n’akanama k’umuryango w’abibumbye gashinzwe umutekano kw’isi,

2.      Raporo S/2004/821 yo ku itariki 05/10/2004 y’imiryango mpuzamahanga itandukanye(MONUC,ONUB na Human Right Watch,

Murizo Raporo zombi Umuryango mpuzamahanga usaba ko abakoze ubwo bwicanyi ndengakamere bashyikirizwa Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha.

               Ikibabaje n’uko kugeza ubu abiyemereko bakoze  ayo marorerwa bakicidegembya kw’isi yose ndetse bamwe bakaba bari no mubuyobozi bukuru bw’igihugu cy’Uburundi(Pasteur HABIMANA),

Ikindi,nkuko twabivuze hejuru,n’uko abayobozi bakuru ba Congo nabo bagiye bakangurira abantu gutsemba abatutsi b’abakongomani nabo bakicidegembya kandi nta raporo bigeze bakorerwa n’Umuryango mpuzamahanga,

Dushoje ikiganiro cyacu tubagaragarizako:

-          Izi Raporo zibiri z’Umuryango mpuzamahanga ko ibyo zasabye bitigeze bikurikizwa,

-          Kugeza ubu Umuryango mpuzamahanga utigeze ukurikirana amagambo mabi yakoreshejwe n’abayobozi ba Congo mu gukangurira abaturage no gushyira mu bikorwa genoside  yakorewe abakongomani bo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi.

BIMWE MUBITEKEREZO ABA CONGOMANI DUFITE BYITWA KO TURIKUBAKA IGIHUGU (Affaire Diomi Dongola : Bishop Elysée en colère congomikili)