NOM : Continent
PRENOM : Africain
AGE : Berceau de l'humanité.
SITUATION MATRIMONIALE : Célibataire avec plus d’un milliard d’enfants.
CONTACT : Au sud de l’Europe, à l’est de l’Amérique.
Objectif : Mettre mes enfants et mes ressources à la disposition des autres pour contribuer à leurs développements.
DOMAINES DE COMPETENCE
Coups d’Etats, guerres, génocides.
ETUDES ET FORMATIONS
-Hautes études à l’ESOCE (Ecole Supérieure Occidentale de Commerce d’Esclaves).
-Hautes études à l’AFRIQUE (L’Africaine de Formation pour la Réélection des Incompétents, Querelleurs, Usurpateurs et Egoïstes).
DIPLÔMES OBTENUS
-Le MRTS (Médaille de Reconnaissance du Tirailleur Sénégalais).
-Le GPRTT (Génocide le Plus Rapide de Tous les Temps).
-Le CPRMPP (Continent le Plus Riche Mais le Plus Pauvre).
-Le CPTS (Continent le Plus Touché par le SIDA).
-Le CPDPP (Continent ou les Présidents Durent le Plus au Pouvoir).
-Le PMDDP (Premier en Matière de Détournement de Deniers Publics).
-Le CPE (Continent le Plus Endetté).
-Le CN (Continent ''Noir'')
EXPERIENCES
-Participation aux deux guerres mondiales.
-Mes coups d’Etats:
•1952 : Égypte, Mohammed Naguib renverse Farouk Ier
•1958 : Soudan, Ibrahim Abboud renverse Abdullah Khalil
•1963 : Congo, David Moussaka et Félix Mouzabakani renversent Fulbert Youlou
•1963 : Togo, Emmanuel Bodjollé renverse Sylvanus Olympio
•1965 : Algérie, Houari Boumédiène renverse Ahmed Ben Bella
•1965 : Zaïre, Mobutu Sese Seko renverse Joseph Kasa-Vubu
•1966 : Burkina Faso, Sangoulé Lamizana renverse Maurice Yaméogo
•1966 : Burundi, Michel Micombero renverse Ntare V
•1966 : Centrafrique, Jean Bédel Bokassa renverse David Dacko
•1966 : Nigeria, Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi renverse Nnamdi Azikiwe
•1966 : Ouganda, Milton Obote renverse Edward Mutesa
•1968 : Mali, Moussa Traoré renverse Modibo Keïta
•1969 : Libye, Mouammar Kadhafi renverse Idris Ier
•1969 : Soudan, Gaafar Nimeiry renverse Ismail al-Azhari
•1971 : Ouganda, Idi Amin Dada renverse Milton Obote
•1973 : Rwanda, Juvénal Habyarimana renverse Grégoire Kayibanda
•1974 : Éthiopie, Aman Andom renverse Hailé Sélassié Ier
•1974 : Éthiopie, Mengistu Haile Mariam renverse Aman Andom
•1974 : Niger, Seyni Kountché renverse Hamani Diori
•1975 : République fédérale islamique des Comores, Saïd Mohamed Jaffar renverse Ahmed Abdallah
•1975 : Nigeria, Yakubu Gowon renverse Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi
•1975 : Tchad, Noël Milarew Odingar renverse François Tombalbaye
•1976 : Burundi, Jean-Baptiste Bagaza renverse Michel Micombero
•1976 : République fédérale islamique des Comores, Ali Soilih renverse Saïd Mohamed Jaffar
•1977 : Congo, Joachim Yhombi-Opango renverse Marien Ngouabi
•1977 : Éthiopie, Mengistu Haile Mariam renverse Tafari Benti
•1978 : République fédérale islamique des Comores, Said Atthoumani renverse Ali Soilih
•1978 : Mauritanie, Mustafa Ould Salek renverse Moktar Ould Daddah
•1979 : Centrafrique, David Dacko renverse Bokassa Ier
•1979 : Guinée équatoriale, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo renverse Francisco Macías Nguema
•1979 : Tchad, Goukouni Oueddei renverse Félix Malloum
•1979 : Ouganda, Yusufu Lule renverse Idi Amin Dada
•1980 : Burkina Faso, Saye Zerbo renverse Sangoulé Lamizana
•1980 : Guinée-Bissau, João Bernardo Vieira renverse Luis de Almeida Cabral
•1980 : Au Libéria, Samuel Doe renverse William Richard Tolbert
•1981 : Centrafrique, André Kolingba renverse David Dacko
•1982 : Burkina Faso, Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo renverse Saye Zerbo
•1982 : Tchad, Hissène Habré renverse Goukouni Oueddei
•1983 : Burkina Faso, Thomas Sankara renverse Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo
•1983 : Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari renverse Shehu Shagari
•1984 : Guinée, Lansana Conté renverse Louis Lansana Beavogui
•1984 : Mauritanie, Maaouiya Ould Taya renverse Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla
•1985 : Ouganda, Basilio Olara Okello renverse Milton Obote
•1985 : Soudan, Swar al-Dahab renverse Gaafar Nimeiry
•1986 : Soudan, Ahmed al-Mirghani renverse Swar al-Dahab
•1987 : Burkina Faso, Blaise Compaoré renverse Thomas Sankara
•1987 : Burundi, Pierre Buyoya renverse Jean-Baptiste Bagaza
•1987 : Tunisie, Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali renverse Habib Bourguiba
•1989 : Soudan, Omar el-Béchir renverse Ahmad al-Mirghani.
•1990 : Libéria, Prince Johnson renverse Samuel Doe
•1991 : Mali, Amadou Toumani Touré renverse Moussa Traoré
•1992 : Algérie, le Haut conseil de securité renverse Chadli Bendjedid
•1995 : République fédérale islamique des Comores, Ayouba Combo renverse Said Mohamed Djohar
•1996 : Burundi, Pierre Buyoya renverse Sylvestre Ntibantunganya
•1996 : Niger, Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara renverse Mahamane Ousmane
•1997 : Zaïre/République démocratique du Congo, Laurent Désiré Kabila renverse Mobutu Sese Seko
•1999 : Union des Comores, Azali Assoumani renverse Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde
•1999 : Côte d'Ivoire, Robert Guéï renverse Henri Konan Bédié
•1999 : Guinée-Bissau, Ansumane Mané renverse João Bernardo Vieira
•1999 : Niger, Daouda Malam Wanké renverse Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara
•2003 : Centrafrique, François Bozizé renverse Ange-Félix Patassé
•2003 : Guinée-Bissau, Verissimo Correia Seabra renverse Kumba Yala
•2005 : Mauritanie, Ely Ould Mohamed Vall renverse Maaouiya Ould Taya
•2008 : Mauritanie, Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz renverse Sidi Mohamed Ould Cheikh Abdallahi
•2008 : Guinée, Moussa Dadis Camara s'accapare du pouvoir à la mort de Lansana Conté
•2009 : Madagascar, Andry Rajoelina dénonce et renverse à une vitesse impressionnante le régime de Marc Ravalomanana
-2010 : Niger, Djibrilla Hamidou renverse Tandja Mamadou
AUTRES CONNAISSANCES
Analphabétisme, déscolarisation, chômage et appauvrissement.
LOISIRS
Troubles, faire beaucoup d’enfants et famine
Monday 22 August 2011
NIGUTE HATEGURWA AMATORA ATEGURWA MURI CONGO MUKWA 11/2011
DRC : Perezida Kabila yatoranyijwe n’ishyaka rye nk’umukandida ku mwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu
Ishyaka riri ku butegetsi muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Parti du peuple pour la reconstruction et la démocratie (PPRD) ryatanze Joseph Kabila nk’ umukandida uzarihagararira mu matora ataha y’umukuru w’umukuru w’igihugu.
Evariste Boshab, umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyaka PPRD atangaza ko ishyaka ryahisemo gutanga kandidatire ya Kabila kuko babonaga abikwiye kandi abishoboye.nubwo arikwirengagiza ko aba congoman ubu ntacyizere bamufitiye kuko ntaco yabagejejeho muriyi manda ishize yimyaka itanu aho ibyo yavuze azakora imbarwa aribyo yakoze naho ikindi yakoze nukwiharira ubukungu bwigihugu akabwita ubukungu bwe bwite nkuko Radio Okapi ikorera muri Congo ivuga ngo ibyo yabwiye abanyeCongo ibyo yakoze nibike cyane, noneho muri KIVU zombi ho nagahoma munwa ariho yakuye amajwi menshi iyo niturufu abandi banyecongo babanya politique, barigukoresha kuko ntaco yagejeje kuri congo muri rusange,aho kurugero, AZARIAS MANYWA RUBERWA Ahamagarira abayandi mashyaka kwishira hamwe bakiyamamaza hamwe kugira ngo bakureho perezida Kabira.nkuko tubikesha Radio BBC Ruberwa yahamagariye amashyaka nka UDPS,MLC, niyo abereyo umuyobozi ariyo RCD bose aho bokwishira hamwe bashobora gutsinda Kabira, nubwo ayo matora ari gukorwa bigaragara ko harimo ubundi buriganya.
Kuva kuwa kane w’icyumweru gishize, komisiyo y’amatora muri iki gihugu yatangiye kwakira no gusuzuma kandidatire zatanzwe ku mwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu n’imyanya y’abadepite. Bamwe mu batavuga rumwe na guverinoma ya Kinshasa batangiye kuvuga imyiteguro y’amatora iri kurangwa n’uburinganya bukabije.
Biteganijwe ko amatora y’abagize inteko inshinga amategeko n’ay’umukuru w’igihugu azabera umunsi umwe, ni ukuvuga tariki 20 yukwa kumi nakumwe uyu mwaka.
Joseph Kabila Kabange afite imyaka 40 y’amavuko ; yagiye ku butegetsi asimbuye se Laurent-Désiré Kabila wishwe tariki 16 Mutarama 2001. Niwe muperezida wa mbere witwa ko watowe mu mucyo na demokarasi muri icyo gihugu, hari tariki 27 Ugushyingo 2006 .
tubitege amaso.......
commente
Evariste Boshab, umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyaka PPRD atangaza ko ishyaka ryahisemo gutanga kandidatire ya Kabila kuko babonaga abikwiye kandi abishoboye.nubwo arikwirengagiza ko aba congoman ubu ntacyizere bamufitiye kuko ntaco yabagejejeho muriyi manda ishize yimyaka itanu aho ibyo yavuze azakora imbarwa aribyo yakoze naho ikindi yakoze nukwiharira ubukungu bwigihugu akabwita ubukungu bwe bwite nkuko Radio Okapi ikorera muri Congo ivuga ngo ibyo yabwiye abanyeCongo ibyo yakoze nibike cyane, noneho muri KIVU zombi ho nagahoma munwa ariho yakuye amajwi menshi iyo niturufu abandi banyecongo babanya politique, barigukoresha kuko ntaco yagejeje kuri congo muri rusange,aho kurugero, AZARIAS MANYWA RUBERWA Ahamagarira abayandi mashyaka kwishira hamwe bakiyamamaza hamwe kugira ngo bakureho perezida Kabira.nkuko tubikesha Radio BBC Ruberwa yahamagariye amashyaka nka UDPS,MLC, niyo abereyo umuyobozi ariyo RCD bose aho bokwishira hamwe bashobora gutsinda Kabira, nubwo ayo matora ari gukorwa bigaragara ko harimo ubundi buriganya.
Kuva kuwa kane w’icyumweru gishize, komisiyo y’amatora muri iki gihugu yatangiye kwakira no gusuzuma kandidatire zatanzwe ku mwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu n’imyanya y’abadepite. Bamwe mu batavuga rumwe na guverinoma ya Kinshasa batangiye kuvuga imyiteguro y’amatora iri kurangwa n’uburinganya bukabije.
Biteganijwe ko amatora y’abagize inteko inshinga amategeko n’ay’umukuru w’igihugu azabera umunsi umwe, ni ukuvuga tariki 20 yukwa kumi nakumwe uyu mwaka.
Joseph Kabila Kabange afite imyaka 40 y’amavuko ; yagiye ku butegetsi asimbuye se Laurent-Désiré Kabila wishwe tariki 16 Mutarama 2001. Niwe muperezida wa mbere witwa ko watowe mu mucyo na demokarasi muri icyo gihugu, hari tariki 27 Ugushyingo 2006 .
tubitege amaso.......
commente
Thursday 18 August 2011
IMPINDURA MATWARA YARANZE CONGO (isimburana ryubuyobozi,namateka)
Nkuko tubikesha urubuga rwa internet rwitwa IMURENGE.COM yavuze zimwe mumpinduka zabayeho kuva congo yakitwa EMPIRE CONGO nubwo batavuze zose uko zakabaye ariko izo nizo zingenzi dushobora kuvugamo, nkuko tubizi empire Congo yari imwe muri za empire nini muri Afurika( afrique) nkuko nubundi Congo iri mubihugu byambere muri afurika, kuko iza kumwanya wa 2 ntuma ya Algeria, nkuko igihugu cyari icyambere cyari Sudan ariko igifatanye na leta ya Sudan yamajyepfo ( South Sudan), ubu ikaba yarabaye reta yemewe n'umuryango mpuzamahanga, UN bakaba barakuwe kumwanya wa mbere nigihu cyari icyakabiri.nkuko rero twavuze Empire Congo ko yari nini nanubu iracari nini, mumateka yayo rero hari hamwe hatibukwa imyaka kuko byabaye kera nkitangira rya Empire Congo tariki ntiyabashijwe kumenyekana.
Ishirwaho ry’ubutegetsi bgiswe “Empire Kongo”. Ubu butegetsi bgari bufite icicaro gikuru mu majaruguru ya Angola. Bgari bugizwe kandi n’uturere duherereye mu burengerazuba bga Congo; utu turere tukaba twari dukikije inzuzi Kisale na Upemba ziri muri Katanga ariyo Shaba ubu.
1482: Umugabo wo muri Portugal witwaga Diego Cao (navigator/navigateur) yabaye umunyaburayi wa mbere wageze muri Congo. Kubera iyi mpamvu, igihugu ca Portugal cahise kigirana ubushuti bukomeye n’umwami wa Congo.
Ikinyejana ca 16 na 17: Abongereza, Abadage, Abanyeportigale, hamwe n’Abafaransa batangiye ubucuruzi bg’abacakara bifashishije Congo (bishaka kuvuga ko Congo yabigizemo uruhare).
1870s (umwaka ntuzwi): Umwami w’Umubirigi Leopold II yafashe icemezo mw’ibanga co kubata (gukoroniza) Congo.
1874-77: Umushakashatsi w’inzira w’Umwongereza Henry Stanley yakoze urugenzi ava mu ruzi rwa Congo (fleuve Congo) kugera muri oseya Atilantike (Ocean Atlantique).
1879-87: Umwami Leopold II ategeka Stanley gushiraho ubutegetsi bg’umwami wa Congo.
1884-85: Abategetsi b’i Burayi bashigikira igikorwa c’umwami Leopold co kubata Congo.
1885: Leopold atangaza ishirwaho rya Congo, aho iwe ubge yari umuyobozi.
1891-92: Ababirigi batangira gutwara (kuyobora) Katanga.
1892-94: Uburasirazuba bga Congo bgakwa Abarabu ndetse n’abantu bari biganjemo abavuga igiswahiri.
1908: Leta y’‘Ububirigi yiha Congo (bayigira iyabo) ku gahato nubgo Abakongomani benshi bahaguye babirwanya. Bivugwa yuko ico gihe hishwe miliyoni z’Abakongomani.
1955: Umwarimu w’Umubirigi Antoin van Bilsen ashira ahagaragara ico yise gahunda y’imyaka 30 (30-Year Plan) yo guha Congo uburyo bgo kuzamuka mu miyoborere yayo ubgayo yonyine (self-government).
1959: Ububirigi butangira gutakaza ububasha bitewe n’ibihe bikomeye Congo yari irimo, birimo kwigaragambya mu muji wa Leopoldville (Kinshasa y’ubu).
Mu kwezi kwa 6, 1960: Congo ibona ubgigenge, ari nabgo Patrice Lumumba yabaye minisitiri w’intebe na Joseph Kasavubu nka perezida.
Mu kwezi kwa 7, 1960: Moise Tshombe asaba ko Katanga yakwikukira. Ingabo z’Ababirigi zoherezwayo kurinda Ababirigi babagayo ndetse n’abandi bantu bimbaga amabuye y’agaciro. Ingabo za Loni nazo zoherezwayo kurinda umutekano ariko zihabwa amategeko yo kutivanga mu bibazo.
Mu kwezi kwa 9, 1960: Perezida Joseph Kasavubu yangaza Patrice Lumumba, ntiyashaka ko aguma ku mwanya we mu butegetsi.
Mu kwezi kwa 12, 1960: Patrice Lumumba arafungwa.
Mu kwezi kwa 2, 1961: Patrice Lumumba aricwa mu bufatanye bg’Abanyamerika n’Ababirigi, nkuko byemezwa na benshi.
Mu kwezi kwa 8, 1961: Abasirikare ba Loni batangira kwambura abasirikare b’Abanyakatanga imbunda.
1963: Moise Tshombe yemeze ko abaturage bo muri Katanga bagomba gusubizwa uburenganzira bgabo nk’Abakongomani bagenzi babo.
1964: Perezida Joseph Kasavubu aha Tshombe umwanya wa Patrice Lumumba (kuba minisitiri wa mbere).
1965: Joseph Mobutu yirukana Kasavubu na Tshombe nyuma y’igitero gikomeye yakoze (coup d’état).
1971: Perezida Mobutu ahindura izina ry’igihugu Zaire ndetse n’izina rye bgite Mobutu Sese Seko. Ikindi kandi Katanga yayise Shaba, uruzi Congo (fleuve Congo) arwita uruzi Zaire (fleuve Zaire).
1973-74: Mobutu aha ubgenegihugu abantu batari babusanganywe ndetse yirukana abacuruzi b’Abanyaburayi muri Congo.
1977: Mobutu agarura abacuruzi yari yarirukanye. Mobutu kandi yifashisha ingabo z’Abafaranga, Ababirigi, n’iza Maroc gusubiza inyuma ibitero muri Katanga byari bifite ibirindiro muri Angola.
1989: Zaire inanirwa kuzuza amategeko agenga inguzanyo yari yahawe n’u Bubirigi. Ibi byatumye imirimo y’iterambere mu gihugu ihagarara ndetse n’ubutunzi bumera nabi cane.
1990: Mobutu yemera kurangiza ikibazo kijanye n’imihari myinshi muri politike y’igihugu; ibi byatumye ashiraho ubutegetsi bg’agateganyo (transition) ariko ntibyamubujije gusigarana ububasha mu butegetsi.
1991: Bikurikiranye n’imyigaragambyo y’abasirikare kubera kudahembga i Kinshasa ku murwa mukuru, Mobutu yemeye gusangira ubutegetsi n’abamurwanyaga ariko agumana ububasha mu bijanye n’umutekano ndetse na zimwe mu ntebe zikomeye mu butegetsi.
1993: Habayeho ivuka ry’ubutegetsi bg’abashigikiye ndetse n’abadashigikiye Mobutu.
1994: Mobutu yemera ubutegetsi bga Kengo Wa Dondo nka minisitiri w’intebe.
1996-97: Mu gihe Mobutu yari hanze kwivuza, igihugu giterwa n’abari bayobowe na Laurent Desire Kabila.
Ishirwaho ry’ubutegetsi bgiswe “Empire Kongo”. Ubu butegetsi bgari bufite icicaro gikuru mu majaruguru ya Angola. Bgari bugizwe kandi n’uturere duherereye mu burengerazuba bga Congo; utu turere tukaba twari dukikije inzuzi Kisale na Upemba ziri muri Katanga ariyo Shaba ubu.
1482: Umugabo wo muri Portugal witwaga Diego Cao (navigator/navigateur) yabaye umunyaburayi wa mbere wageze muri Congo. Kubera iyi mpamvu, igihugu ca Portugal cahise kigirana ubushuti bukomeye n’umwami wa Congo.
Ikinyejana ca 16 na 17: Abongereza, Abadage, Abanyeportigale, hamwe n’Abafaransa batangiye ubucuruzi bg’abacakara bifashishije Congo (bishaka kuvuga ko Congo yabigizemo uruhare).
1870s (umwaka ntuzwi): Umwami w’Umubirigi Leopold II yafashe icemezo mw’ibanga co kubata (gukoroniza) Congo.
1874-77: Umushakashatsi w’inzira w’Umwongereza Henry Stanley yakoze urugenzi ava mu ruzi rwa Congo (fleuve Congo) kugera muri oseya Atilantike (Ocean Atlantique).
1879-87: Umwami Leopold II ategeka Stanley gushiraho ubutegetsi bg’umwami wa Congo.
1884-85: Abategetsi b’i Burayi bashigikira igikorwa c’umwami Leopold co kubata Congo.
1885: Leopold atangaza ishirwaho rya Congo, aho iwe ubge yari umuyobozi.
1891-92: Ababirigi batangira gutwara (kuyobora) Katanga.
1892-94: Uburasirazuba bga Congo bgakwa Abarabu ndetse n’abantu bari biganjemo abavuga igiswahiri.
1908: Leta y’‘Ububirigi yiha Congo (bayigira iyabo) ku gahato nubgo Abakongomani benshi bahaguye babirwanya. Bivugwa yuko ico gihe hishwe miliyoni z’Abakongomani.
1955: Umwarimu w’Umubirigi Antoin van Bilsen ashira ahagaragara ico yise gahunda y’imyaka 30 (30-Year Plan) yo guha Congo uburyo bgo kuzamuka mu miyoborere yayo ubgayo yonyine (self-government).
1959: Ububirigi butangira gutakaza ububasha bitewe n’ibihe bikomeye Congo yari irimo, birimo kwigaragambya mu muji wa Leopoldville (Kinshasa y’ubu).
Mu kwezi kwa 6, 1960: Congo ibona ubgigenge, ari nabgo Patrice Lumumba yabaye minisitiri w’intebe na Joseph Kasavubu nka perezida.
Mu kwezi kwa 7, 1960: Moise Tshombe asaba ko Katanga yakwikukira. Ingabo z’Ababirigi zoherezwayo kurinda Ababirigi babagayo ndetse n’abandi bantu bimbaga amabuye y’agaciro. Ingabo za Loni nazo zoherezwayo kurinda umutekano ariko zihabwa amategeko yo kutivanga mu bibazo.
Mu kwezi kwa 9, 1960: Perezida Joseph Kasavubu yangaza Patrice Lumumba, ntiyashaka ko aguma ku mwanya we mu butegetsi.
Mu kwezi kwa 12, 1960: Patrice Lumumba arafungwa.
Mu kwezi kwa 2, 1961: Patrice Lumumba aricwa mu bufatanye bg’Abanyamerika n’Ababirigi, nkuko byemezwa na benshi.
Mu kwezi kwa 8, 1961: Abasirikare ba Loni batangira kwambura abasirikare b’Abanyakatanga imbunda.
1963: Moise Tshombe yemeze ko abaturage bo muri Katanga bagomba gusubizwa uburenganzira bgabo nk’Abakongomani bagenzi babo.
1964: Perezida Joseph Kasavubu aha Tshombe umwanya wa Patrice Lumumba (kuba minisitiri wa mbere).
1965: Joseph Mobutu yirukana Kasavubu na Tshombe nyuma y’igitero gikomeye yakoze (coup d’état).
1971: Perezida Mobutu ahindura izina ry’igihugu Zaire ndetse n’izina rye bgite Mobutu Sese Seko. Ikindi kandi Katanga yayise Shaba, uruzi Congo (fleuve Congo) arwita uruzi Zaire (fleuve Zaire).
1973-74: Mobutu aha ubgenegihugu abantu batari babusanganywe ndetse yirukana abacuruzi b’Abanyaburayi muri Congo.
1977: Mobutu agarura abacuruzi yari yarirukanye. Mobutu kandi yifashisha ingabo z’Abafaranga, Ababirigi, n’iza Maroc gusubiza inyuma ibitero muri Katanga byari bifite ibirindiro muri Angola.
1989: Zaire inanirwa kuzuza amategeko agenga inguzanyo yari yahawe n’u Bubirigi. Ibi byatumye imirimo y’iterambere mu gihugu ihagarara ndetse n’ubutunzi bumera nabi cane.
1990: Mobutu yemera kurangiza ikibazo kijanye n’imihari myinshi muri politike y’igihugu; ibi byatumye ashiraho ubutegetsi bg’agateganyo (transition) ariko ntibyamubujije gusigarana ububasha mu butegetsi.
1991: Bikurikiranye n’imyigaragambyo y’abasirikare kubera kudahembga i Kinshasa ku murwa mukuru, Mobutu yemeye gusangira ubutegetsi n’abamurwanyaga ariko agumana ububasha mu bijanye n’umutekano ndetse na zimwe mu ntebe zikomeye mu butegetsi.
1993: Habayeho ivuka ry’ubutegetsi bg’abashigikiye ndetse n’abadashigikiye Mobutu.
1994: Mobutu yemera ubutegetsi bga Kengo Wa Dondo nka minisitiri w’intebe.
1996-97: Mu gihe Mobutu yari hanze kwivuza, igihugu giterwa n’abari bayobowe na Laurent Desire Kabila.
Wednesday 17 August 2011
URWENYA
Umugore yinjiye muri kabari maze arabukwa umugabo wari wambaye zahabu ku maboko, ku ntoki no mu josi maze aramubwira ati "Mbega ngo abantu barasa ntacyo bapfana ! Uzi ko usa neza neza n’umugabo wanjye wa gatatu " ! Umugabo arumirwa dore ko amaso yari ayo maze abaza umugore ati : "Kuki nsa n’uwo mugabo wawe ? aho nsa nawe ni hehe ? Wagize abagabo bangahe ?" umugore ati : "Nagize abagabo babiri nawe wa gatatu nahigaga."
-Umuntu yagiye mu ijuru ahabona inzu abakoze ibyaha bike babanza hejuru. Abonye Padiri ati ko uri hano ? Padiri ati : “Vuga buhoro Musenyeri atakumva, ari muri cave.”
-Umugabo yari muri Penetensiya, ati “Naribye, naratukanye, narasambanye”, Padiri amuca mu ijambo aramwegera ati “Ariko mwe Abagore mubakura he ?”
-Umusazi yaribye batangira kumukubita ahita ababwira ati musigeho mbabwire, “Mureke kunkubita mu kavuyo, ab’imigeri babanze, hakurikireho ab’ingumi”.
-Abasaza biga gusoma no kwandika, mwalimu yandika “IMBARAGASA” ryuzura ikibaho kuko bari barwaye amaso. Umwe ati “yanditse ikimasa cyanjye nticyahakwira.”
-Bimenyerewe ko uwitabye telefoni wese agira ati “allo” (a l’eau), umunsi umwe umuntu ahamagaye mugenzi we ati “allo” undi ati “aluwile” (a l’huile).
- Umugabo yagiye kwa muganga yahiye amatwi yombi, noneho muganga ati ariko ese ubundi ubu byakugendekeye bite ? Undi wahora n’iki wa muganga ko telefone yasonnye ndimo ntera ipasi, noneho nakwitaba mfata ipasi aho gufata telefone ! Muganga ati nonese amatwi yombi yahiye ate ? Umugabo ati umva da ! Nonese sinagombye gutelefona hano nsaba rendez-vous !
-Umuntu yagiye mu ijuru ahabona inzu abakoze ibyaha bike babanza hejuru. Abonye Padiri ati ko uri hano ? Padiri ati : “Vuga buhoro Musenyeri atakumva, ari muri cave.”
-Umugabo yari muri Penetensiya, ati “Naribye, naratukanye, narasambanye”, Padiri amuca mu ijambo aramwegera ati “Ariko mwe Abagore mubakura he ?”
-Umusazi yaribye batangira kumukubita ahita ababwira ati musigeho mbabwire, “Mureke kunkubita mu kavuyo, ab’imigeri babanze, hakurikireho ab’ingumi”.
-Abasaza biga gusoma no kwandika, mwalimu yandika “IMBARAGASA” ryuzura ikibaho kuko bari barwaye amaso. Umwe ati “yanditse ikimasa cyanjye nticyahakwira.”
-Bimenyerewe ko uwitabye telefoni wese agira ati “allo” (a l’eau), umunsi umwe umuntu ahamagaye mugenzi we ati “allo” undi ati “aluwile” (a l’huile).
- Umugabo yagiye kwa muganga yahiye amatwi yombi, noneho muganga ati ariko ese ubundi ubu byakugendekeye bite ? Undi wahora n’iki wa muganga ko telefone yasonnye ndimo ntera ipasi, noneho nakwitaba mfata ipasi aho gufata telefone ! Muganga ati nonese amatwi yombi yahiye ate ? Umugabo ati umva da ! Nonese sinagombye gutelefona hano nsaba rendez-vous !
Uburyo bashakaga
Mbere umuhungu n’umukobwa barashimanaga hanyuma umwe akabibwira abiwabo bagashima, ntamuhungu wazanaga umukobwa se na nyina batashimye,hanyuma bakabanza umugeni bemera ukajya gukwa. Umuhungu akajya gutahira. Yajyaga kwasebuke yambaye uruhu bakamutegesha urundi, amazekuhagera akazikiwe kwarukuragira, Akisiga amavuta (Icwende) ikihanaguza (Ize) nikibabi cyimigumbagumba, yamwaga amata yuzuye inkongoro, akihwagiza umurobaniyo yarisabune murico gihe. Akabaho igihe kirekire cane, bakamwa inzoga bakaririmba Inkaa, Hayahaya, bagakoma amashi bakabyina bateze amaboko. bakabzina akabona gutaha, hanyuma bakazabona kumucurira Umugeniwe.
Ibyoguterura byajyenyuma, Barafomoraga, bakamwa inzoga bakavuza inanga, abagore bacunda bakabyina bakavuga Inkaa(Ibyivugo) Ibihimbano bakabyabagabiranye(Ibironda) bakarongoranya bakagabinka, barangiza bagataha Umugeni agasigara.
Amafaranga bayabikaga mumweko,mukibindi nahandi…
Ibijyanye n’Amata Amavuta uburyo bayakoraga: Barakamaga, amata agashirwa munkongoro, bakabuganiza yamara kuvura bagafata Umutozo bakavuruga, bamara bagashira Mugisabo, bagapfundikiza……. Bagacunda amaze kureta barangiza bagakorakoza bagasuka mugashuku, bakavuza indosho amavuta, hagasigara Amacunda, bakayamwa ariko yamwaga abagore n’abana ntamugabo wayamwaga, Amata yararimo amoko menshi: Inshushu,Umwirire, Umubanji,Umushamisha, agakondera cg Ikivuguto hakaba n’amacunda. Akongera akabamo: Umuhondo, namata asanzwe, umusunga, Isuri…….Mbere umuhungu n’umukobwa barashimanaga hanyuma umwe akabibwira abiwabo bagashima, ntamuhungu wazanaga umukobwa se na nyina batashimye,hanyuma bakabanza umugeni bemera ukajya gukwa. Umuhungu akajya gutahira. Yajyaga kwasebuke yambaye uruhu bakamutegesha urundi, amazekuhagera akazikiwe kwarukuragira, Akisiga amavuta (Icwende) ikihanaguza (Ize) nikibabi cyimigumbagumba, yamwaga amata yuzuye inkongoro, akihwagiza umurobaniyo yarisabune murico gihe. Akabaho igihe kirekire cane, bakamwa inzoga bakaririmba Inkaa, Hayahaya, bagakoma amashi bakabyina bateze amaboko. bakabzina akabona gutaha, hanyuma bakazabona kumucurira Umugeniwe.
Ibyoguterura byajyenyuma, Barafomoraga, bakamwa inzoga bakavuza inanga, abagore bacunda bakabyina bakavuga Inkaa(Ibyivugo) Ibihimbano bakabyabagabiranye(Ibironda) bakarongoranya bakagabinka, barangiza bagataha Umugeni agasigara.
Amafaranga bayabikaga mumweko,mukibindi nahandi…
Amavuta bakayakanda, barangiza bakayateka, bakosa yampumuro yayo ikavamo bakayashira mwicwende, (Agakunda bagegenye kadafite inkondo)
2. UMUCO KARANDE W'UBWOKO BG'ABANYAMURENGE
2. UMUCO KARANDE W’UBWOKO BG’ABANYAMURENGE.
A) Abanyamurenge, n’ubgoko butuye Iburasirazuba bga R.D Congo muri Sud Kivu,batuye muma Zone atatu: Zone Uvira, Zone Fizi, Zone Mwenga. Inkomoko yabo Abenshi baturutse mu Rwanda n’Iburundi, bavuga Ururimi rw’ikinyamulenge, nimvugo irihagati y’ikinyarwanda n’ikirundi, ntatandukaniro rinini ririhagati yizondimi uko arizitatu , umwe iyo avuze undi aramwunva,ntibisaba umusobanuzi mugihe umweavuze.
B) Abanyamurenge nubgoko bumwe mumoko y’abatutsi atuye muri Congo . nkuko abatutsi aribenshi mubihugu bitandukanye, subgoko buvuga ikirundi cangwa ikinyarwanda. Oya, nubgoko buvuga Ikinyamurenge. Izonvugo zishaka gusa nicogituma benshi batazunva bagira ngo nirumwe murizo, ariko haritandukaniro rinini muburyo uzunva iyo umwe abumbuye akanwa kuvuga ahita azisobanura ukoziri.
C) Abanyamulenge nubgoko bugira umuco. Umuco wabo urasa
nuwagikristo benshi muribo 99% nabakizwa. Umuco wabo baribasanganwe batarakizwa. Bamazegukizwa ntabyinshi bahinduye: Barinfura, barinyangamugayo, barabanyakuri, bagiraga ubumwe, barakundanaga, barasabanaga mutuntu nutundi, baragabiranaga, bakambarana, bagashumbushanya, umwe iyoyagiraga ikibazo cangwa ikibazo rusange bose baragihagurukiraga bakagikemurira hamwe. bagira umuco kandi umuco wabo nimwiza.
D) Abanyamurenge nubgoko butashakanaga nandi moko, barashakanaga bonyine mumirara yabo uko ingana. Ariko kubera impanvu zokuvamugihugu kubera impanvu zitandukanye, iyobagiye bashakana nayandi moko duturanye, na Abanyarwanda,Abarundi nadimoko.
E) Abanyamurenge nubgoko butaryaga ikintu icarico cose bagiraga ibyabarya nibyo batarya kurugero: Ntibaryaga Intama, Ingurube, Isungura,nutundi,dupysisi twose abaturanyi bacu baryaga. dufite ijanjya kd zituza, inkima, ishokwe, ikidasi nimbeba nishindi, Inkoko, Amagi…. Kd ntibasangi n’umuntu uwariwe wese, banenaga: abakwe, abishwa, nandimoko badahuje umuco . Abantu kubera kugendagenda bamwe kunena byarashize kubamaze guta umuco bararya byose kd bagasangira naburiwese.ariko uko kunena gutandukanye nukobanena abanyamahanga barya utwo dupysisi tundi twavuze haruguru, ibo kwarukwanga gusangira nabo kuko umuco utabyemera bishaka. .
F) Abanyamurebge nubgoko butaribuzi Imana basengaga Ryangombe (Ikigirwamana ) Umugabo yitwariraga urugorwe, iyo yahazaga Kubwiyompanvu bamaze gukizwa, basanga ibyo agakiza kabasaba, ntatandukaniro riniri numuco wabo. Benshi kutabitahura bakagira ngw’abanyamurenge ntamuco bagira, ariko Abanyamurengebagira umuco karande wabo.
Iyo babaga bari mumakutano bakanezerwa uwuzuye umwuka arahaguruka akavuza impundu cg akavuga ibigwi by’Imana
Abanyamurenge naraborozi cyane aborozi b’inka, nanubu nubwo benshi muri bo bagiye mumijyi usanga bamwe borora inka nandi matungo .
A) Abanyamurenge, n’ubgoko butuye Iburasirazuba bga R.D Congo muri Sud Kivu,batuye muma Zone atatu: Zone Uvira, Zone Fizi, Zone Mwenga. Inkomoko yabo Abenshi baturutse mu Rwanda n’Iburundi, bavuga Ururimi rw’ikinyamulenge, nimvugo irihagati y’ikinyarwanda n’ikirundi, ntatandukaniro rinini ririhagati yizondimi uko arizitatu , umwe iyo avuze undi aramwunva,ntibisaba umusobanuzi mugihe umweavuze.
B) Abanyamurenge nubgoko bumwe mumoko y’abatutsi atuye muri Congo . nkuko abatutsi aribenshi mubihugu bitandukanye, subgoko buvuga ikirundi cangwa ikinyarwanda. Oya, nubgoko buvuga Ikinyamurenge. Izonvugo zishaka gusa nicogituma benshi batazunva bagira ngo nirumwe murizo, ariko haritandukaniro rinini muburyo uzunva iyo umwe abumbuye akanwa kuvuga ahita azisobanura ukoziri.
C) Abanyamulenge nubgoko bugira umuco. Umuco wabo urasa
nuwagikristo benshi muribo 99% nabakizwa. Umuco wabo baribasanganwe batarakizwa. Bamazegukizwa ntabyinshi bahinduye: Barinfura, barinyangamugayo, barabanyakuri, bagiraga ubumwe, barakundanaga, barasabanaga mutuntu nutundi, baragabiranaga, bakambarana, bagashumbushanya, umwe iyoyagiraga ikibazo cangwa ikibazo rusange bose baragihagurukiraga bakagikemurira hamwe. bagira umuco kandi umuco wabo nimwiza.
D) Abanyamurenge nubgoko butashakanaga nandi moko, barashakanaga bonyine mumirara yabo uko ingana. Ariko kubera impanvu zokuvamugihugu kubera impanvu zitandukanye, iyobagiye bashakana nayandi moko duturanye, na Abanyarwanda,Abarundi nadimoko.
E) Abanyamurenge nubgoko butaryaga ikintu icarico cose bagiraga ibyabarya nibyo batarya kurugero: Ntibaryaga Intama, Ingurube, Isungura,nutundi,dupysisi twose abaturanyi bacu baryaga. dufite ijanjya kd zituza, inkima, ishokwe, ikidasi nimbeba nishindi, Inkoko, Amagi…. Kd ntibasangi n’umuntu uwariwe wese, banenaga: abakwe, abishwa, nandimoko badahuje umuco . Abantu kubera kugendagenda bamwe kunena byarashize kubamaze guta umuco bararya byose kd bagasangira naburiwese.ariko uko kunena gutandukanye nukobanena abanyamahanga barya utwo dupysisi tundi twavuze haruguru, ibo kwarukwanga gusangira nabo kuko umuco utabyemera bishaka. .
F) Abanyamurebge nubgoko butaribuzi Imana basengaga Ryangombe (Ikigirwamana ) Umugabo yitwariraga urugorwe, iyo yahazaga Kubwiyompanvu bamaze gukizwa, basanga ibyo agakiza kabasaba, ntatandukaniro riniri numuco wabo. Benshi kutabitahura bakagira ngw’abanyamurenge ntamuco bagira, ariko Abanyamurengebagira umuco karande wabo.
Iyo babaga bari mumakutano bakanezerwa uwuzuye umwuka arahaguruka akavuza impundu cg akavuga ibigwi by’Imana
Abanyamurenge naraborozi cyane aborozi b’inka, nanubu nubwo benshi muri bo bagiye mumijyi usanga bamwe borora inka nandi matungo .
INKOMOKO Y’UMUNYAMULENGE Inkomoko y’umunyamurenge: abanyamulenge baje muri Congo bava mubihugu byinshi bitandukanye: RWANDA, BURUNDI, TANZANIA, UGANDA, nibwo bagiye muri Congo bakitwa abanyamulenge kuko bose bagiyeyo bari ubwoko bumwe bwabatutsi, kandi bagiyeyo kumpamvu zitandukanye.hari abagiye kumpamvu zo gushaka amasuhuriro, kuko benshi muri bo baraborozi, abandi bagiye kumpa, zumutekano muke, nkuko Alexis KAGAME yabivuze […] ngo abanyamurenge bo mubwoko cyangwase umurara nkuko byitwa abitwa abanyabyinshi bagiye kubwimpamvu zo kubura umutekano, amateka nasanze mu Rwanda navuga ngo kera murwanda iyo umwami yajyaga kwima yafataga abanyabynshi babi(2) maze akabashingaho icumu agiye guhaguruka. Ngo iyo ikaba impamvu yatumye nabo bahunga ikindi. Abandi nabo ngo bitwaga ABASITA ngo naje baturuka Tanzania baca Uganda baza mu Rwanda ahitwa Byumba bakaba bari bafite ubutegetsi bukomeye, ariko bwari buzwiho gucumbikira abanzi babandi kuko ngo hakurya mubugande habaga ubwami bwarwanaga nabandi bari batuye hakurya ya Abasita maze abagande baza gutera abanyarwanda Abasita bakabaha icumbi abanyarwanda baza gutera abagande abasita bakaba icumbi, nuko nibwo abagande babimenye ko bazabateranya, barabatera icyogihe abagande bari bayobowe n’ umugabo witwaga ngo MBA nuko ingabo za MBA zitera izabasita, abasita babamaraho, ngo niho havuye ijambo ngo<< ntihasigaye na mba>> Nyuma amami yose yari muri utyo duce yumvise ibyo atera abasita niko guhunga bagana iya Congo. Ni kumpamvu nyinshi zatumye abanyamurenge bavuye muri ibyo bihugu twavuze haruguru bose bisanga muri congo. Umunyamulenge ageze iremera yahasanze umwami w’umutwa witwaga Karemera.. IMIRARA IGIZE ABANYAMULENGE 1.Abanyabyinshi. 2.abasinzira 3.Abasita. 4.Abarundi(Abahiga,Abongera,Abahondogo). 5.Abagunga(Abadinzi,Abasama). 6.Abega. 7.Abahayashunga(Abatwari,Abasegege). 8.Abitira. 9.Abapfizi(Abadahurwa,Abaheto). 10.Abahire(Abahinda,Abazigaba) 11.Abahima. 12.Abasinga. 13.Abagorora(Abahenda,Abasizana,Abatuganyi,Abadegemba) 14.Abatakure. 15.Abanyakarama. 16.Abapfurika. 17.Abatura 18.Abagabika INKOMOKO Y’UMUNYAMULENGE Inkomoko y’umunyamurenge: abanyamulenge baje muri Congo bava mubihugu byinshi bitandukanye: RWANDA, BURUNDI, TANZANIA, UGANDA, nibwo bagiye muri Congo bakitwa abanyamulenge kuko bose bagiyeyo bari ubwoko bumwe bwabatutsi, kandi bagiyeyo kumpamvu zitandukanye.hari abagiye kumpamvu zo gushaka amasuhuriro, kuko benshi muri bo baraborozi, abandi bagiye kumpa, zumutekano muke, nkuko Alexis KAGAME yabivuze […] ngo abanyamurenge bo mubwoko cyangwase umurara nkuko byitwa abitwa abanyabyinshi bagiye kubwimpamvu zo kubura umutekano, amateka nasanze mu Rwanda navuga ngo kera murwanda iyo umwami yajyaga kwima yafataga abanyabynshi babi(2) maze akabashingaho icumu agiye guhaguruka. Ngo iyo ikaba impamvu yatumye nabo bahunga ikindi. Abandi nabo ngo bitwaga ABASITA ngo naje baturuka Tanzania baca Uganda baza mu Rwanda ahitwa Byumba bakaba bari bafite ubutegetsi bukomeye, ariko bwari buzwiho gucumbikira abanzi babandi kuko ngo hakurya mubugande habaga ubwami bwarwanaga nabandi bari batuye hakurya ya Abasita maze abagande baza gutera abanyarwanda Abasita bakabaha icumbi abanyarwanda baza gutera abagande abasita bakaba icumbi, nuko nibwo abagande babimenye ko bazabateranya, barabatera icyogihe abagande bari bayobowe n’ umugabo witwaga ngo MBA nuko ingabo za MBA zitera izabasita, abasita babamaraho, ngo niho havuye ijambo ngo<< ntihasigaye na mba>> Nyuma amami yose yari muri utyo duce yumvise ibyo atera abasita niko guhunga bagana iya Congo. Ni kumpamvu nyinshi zatumye abanyamurenge bavuye muri ibyo bihugu twavuze haruguru bose bisanga muri congo. Umunyamulenge ageze iremera yahasanze umwami w’umutwa witwaga Karemera.. IMIRARA IGIZE ABANYAMULENGE 1.Abanyabyinshi. 2.abasinzira 3.Abasita. 4.Abarundi(Abahiga,Abongera,Abahondogo). 5.Abagunga(Abadinzi,Abasama). 6.Abega. 7.Abahayashunga(Abatwari,Abasegege). 8.Abitira. 9.Abapfizi(Abadahurwa,Abaheto). 10.Abahire(Abahinda,Abazigaba) 11.Abahima. 12.Abasinga. 13.Abagorora(Abahenda,Abasizana,Abatuganyi,Abadegemba) 14.Abatakure. 15.Abanyakarama. 16.Abapfurika. 17.Abatura 18.Abagabika. N.B: Ayamoko yose aravukana kandi muriyo harabegeranye cyane badashobora gushakana, nubgokerayashakanaga. Urugero: Abadahurwa n'Abaheto,Abahiga,n’abongera. Abadinzi,,n’Abasama,nandi menshi……. - Nubgo baretse gushakana ariko Abakundanye nubu baracashakana bake ariko abandi barabiretse kuko basanze amoko basanga bavukana. INKOMOKO Y’UMUNYAMULENGE Inkomoko y’umunyamurenge: abanyamulenge baje muri Congo bava mubihugu byinshi bitandukanye: RWANDA, BURUNDI, TANZANIA, UGANDA, nibwo bagiye muri Congo bakitwa abanyamulenge kuko bose bagiyeyo bari ubwoko bumwe bwabatutsi, kandi bagiyeyo kumpamvu zitandukanye.hari abagiye kumpamvu zo gushaka amasuhuriro, kuko benshi muri bo baraborozi, abandi bagiye kumpa, zumutekano muke, nkuko Alexis KAGAME yabivuze […] ngo abanyamurenge bo mubwoko cyangwase umurara nkuko byitwa abitwa abanyabyinshi bagiye kubwimpamvu zo kubura umutekano, amateka nasanze mu Rwanda navuga ngo kera murwanda iyo umwami yajyaga kwima yafataga abanyabynshi babi(2) maze akabashingaho icumu agiye guhaguruka. Ngo iyo ikaba impamvu yatumye nabo bahunga ikindi. Abandi nabo ngo bitwaga ABASITA ngo naje baturuka Tanzania baca Uganda baza mu Rwanda ahitwa Byumba bakaba bari bafite ubutegetsi bukomeye, ariko bwari buzwiho gucumbikira abanzi babandi kuko ngo hakurya mubugande habaga ubwami bwarwanaga nabandi bari batuye hakurya ya Abasita maze abagande baza gutera abanyarwanda Abasita bakabaha icumbi abanyarwanda baza gutera abagande abasita bakaba icumbi, nuko nibwo abagande babimenye ko bazabateranya, barabatera icyogihe abagande bari bayobowe n’ umugabo witwaga ngo MBA nuko ingabo za MBA zitera izabasita, abasita babamaraho, ngo niho havuye ijambo ngo<< ntihasigaye na mba>> Nyuma amami yose yari muri utyo duce yumvise ibyo atera abasita niko guhunga bagana iya Congo. Ni kumpamvu nyinshi zatumye abanyamurenge bavuye muri ibyo bihugu twavuze haruguru bose bisanga muri congo. Umunyamulenge ageze iremera yahasanze umwami w’umutwa witwaga Karemera.. IMIRARA IGIZE ABANYAMULENGE 1.Abanyabyinshi. 2.abasinzira 3.Abasita. 4.Abarundi(Abahiga,Abongera,Abahondogo). 5.Abagunga(Abadinzi,Abasama). 6.Abega. 7.Abahayashunga(Abatwari,Abasegege). 8.Abitira. 9.Abapfizi(Abadahurwa,Abaheto). 10.Abahire(Abahinda,Abazigaba) 11.Abahima. 12.Abasinga. 13.Abagorora(Abahenda,Abasizana,Abatuganyi,Abadegemba) 14.Abatakure. 15.Abanyakarama. 16.Abapfurika. 17.Abatura 18.Abagabika. N.B: Ayamoko yose aravukana kandi muriyo harabegeranye cyane badashobora gushakana, nubgokerayashakanaga. Urugero: Abadahurwa n'Abaheto,Abahiga,n’abongera. Abadinzi,,n’Abasama,nandi menshi……. - Nubgo baretse gushakana ariko Abakundanye nubu baracashakana bake ariko abandi barabiretse kuko basanze amoko basanga bavukana.. N.B: Ayamoko yose aravukana kandi muriyo harabegeranye cyane badashobora gushakana, nubgokerayashakanaga. Urugero: Abadahurwa n'Abaheto,Abahiga,n’abongera. Abadinzi,,n’Abasama,nandi menshi……. - Nubgo baretse gushakana ariko Abakundanye nubu baracashakana bake ariko abandi barabiretse kuko basanze amoko basanga bavukana.
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