AMATEKA Y’ABANYAMURENGE
IKIGANIRO KU AMATEKA
Y’ABANYAMURENGE.
IMPAMVU ZO GUHUNGA NO KUNYANYAGIRA
KW’ISI KW’ABAKONGO B’ABANYAMULENGE.
- ABANYAMULENGE NI BANTU IKI?
Abanyamulenge
n’abakongomani bo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi bakomoka mu bice bitatu aribyo:
·
U Rwanda,
·
U Burundi na Tanzaniya bya mbere
y’ubukoroni.
Abanyamulenge
bavuga ururimi rw’ikinyamurenge rugira amagambo amwe n’amwe rutira mu zindi
ndimi z’abaturanyi nk’igipfurero
,n’igishi ariko kikaba gifite isano rinini n’ikinyarwanda nndetse n’ikirundi
kuko n’izo ndimi tuvuze z’abaturanyi
zifite amagambo zihuriyeho n’ikirundi n’ikinyarwanda.
Abanyamurenge
n’abakongomani buzuye bitewe n’igabanganwa rya Afrika ryakozwe n’abakoroni I
Berlin mu Budage mu 1885.
Mbere
y’izo tariki tuvuze haruguru,abanyamurenge bari bayoboye ama Groupements-Chefferies
atatu:
Ø Chefferie
Gahutu,
Ø Chefferie
Kayira,
Ø Chefferie
Nyirimuhanga.
- INKOMOKO Y’IMINDYANE MU MOKO YO MUBURASIRAZUBA BWA CONGO.
Ayo ma Chefferies yaje gukurwaho
n’abakoloni b’abababirigi mu mwaka wa 1933 hishingikirijwe ku rwandiko(Lettre
circulaire)rwanditswe na Ministre w’ubukoloni witwaga L.FRANK ku itariki ya
08/11/1920 yo gukuraho udu Chefferies duto duto yitwazako ari ukumara
akajagari.
Nibwo abanyamurenge batangiye
kwitwa amazina ya(Sans terres,non originaires,non autochtones,immigrés,).Umuntu
wese yakwibaza impamvu ama Chefferies yose y’abanyamurenge ariyo yakuweho
yonyine.abo bakoroni ba babirigi bategura amacyakubiri nkay;iwabo arangwa
hagati ya abawalo nab aba flama.ibyo bigaragarira mu bindi bihugu ba coronige
nku Rwanda n,Uburundi.
Ku
minsi 30/06/1960 nibwo Kongo yaronse ubwigenge,ariko ubwo bwigenge bwabaye ubwa
bamwe bishaka kuvuga ko abanyamulenge bahejwe mu buyobozi ndetse no murage
w’igihugu.
Ku itariki ya 15/04/1964,nibwo
havutse umutwe wigometse ku butegetsi bwa Congo uyobowe n’uwitwaga Pierre
Mulele afatanije n’abagabo babiri Gaston Soumialo na Laurent Desire Kabila.
Uwo
mutwe w’abigometse ku buyobozi bwa Congo watangiriye mu ntara(Province)ya
Bandundu uzanwa muri Sud-Kivu n’umugabo witwaga Antoine Malandura.Uwo mutwe
ntiwatinze kwigarurira ikiyaya cya Rusizi na ville ya Uvira kugeza Fizi.
ANC(Armée
Nationale Congolaise)ntiyatinze kuhabakura nibwo bahungiye ku misozi miremire
y’I murenge bakunze kwita ( hauts Plateaux d’Itombwe)kuko bari bafite amahame ya Communisme socialism.Amahame
yavugaga ko ubutunzi bwose bugabanganwe kugirango habe iringanizwa ry’abakene
n’abatunzi ibyo bikagaragara ko bashakaga kunyaga abanyamurenge inka zabo
bakazibanya andi moko y’abaturanyi atarazigiraga. n’ukuvuga bene wabo b’ababembe,abapfurero n’abanyintu. Kwari
ukugirango bashire mu bikorwa indoto ya Karl Marx zo gukuraho ubusumbane
zigahindura isi Paradizo.
Ibyo
ntibyatinze gutera amacakubiri hagati y’uwo mutwe w’abagumutsi n’abaturage
b’abanyamurenge.Nibwo abanyamurenge bifatinyije na ANC yari imaze kunanirwa
kubakura mu misozi miremire ya:Rurambo,Gahororo,Kirumba,Muhe,Gitavi n’ahandi
henshi.
Ubwo
nibwo abasore b’abanyamurenge biyunze na ANC biyemeza ko bashoboye kubakura
muriyo misozi.Bahise babishyira mungiro
abagumutsi bahungira muri Collectivite ya Ngandja bahinduka aba bandits bo
kwiba inka z’abaturage b’Abanyamurenge.
Byumvikanako
abantu bapfaga ari abanyamulenge cyangwa ariya moko agize uwo mutwe.Iyo ntsinzi
ya Leta ya Congo bayitiriye aba Combattants b’Abanyamulenge.Kubera iyo mpamvu
havutse urwango rukabije hagati y’ababembe,Abapfurero,Abavira mu ruhande rumwe
n’Abanyamurenge mu rundi.
Mu
mwaka wa 1969,habaye amahoro(Pacification Nationale),nibwo intambara yahinduye
isura iba iya Politike ishingiye ku ivangura ry’ubwoko bw’abatutsi.Nibwo
Abanyepolitiki bakomoka murayo moko baturwanyaga barwanyije byimazeyo abatutsi
babaregako ari abashyitsi baturutse mu Rwanda no mu Burundi ,biyibagizako:
v bamwe
mu bapfurero bafite inkomoko yo mu Buganda mu bwami bw’abanyoro(Royaume de
Bunyoro, abandi bagakomoka mu barundi b’abahutu(abazige).
v Ababembe
bagakomoka I Rwindi mu Barega,
v Naho
Abajoba(ababwari)bagakomoka muri Tanzaniya.
Nyuma
ya rebellion ya Mulele muri 1969,nibwo y’amazina yavuzwe haruguru yiswe
Abanyamurenge yakoreshejwe ku mugaragaro ariyo:“OUTSIDERS,BA ENVAHISSEURS,BA
SANS TERRES”.
Mu
kurwanya Abatutsi bose bitwaje impamvu zikurikira:
ü Izina
ry’umunyamulenge bavugako ari iribadikano,ko biyitiriye umusozi wa MURENGE.
ü Imvugo
y’ikinyamulenge n’indemo ye,bavugako bisa n’iby’abatutsi bo mu Rwanda no mu
Burundi
ü Birengagizako:
ü izina
ry’Abapfurero nabo biyitiriye imisozi ya
BUPFURERO,
ü Abarega
biyitirira akarere k’I Burega,
ü Abashi
biyitirira akarere k’ibushi,
Birengagizako Conference ya Berlin
yo muri 1885,ititaye ku mbibi Afrika ya
mbere y’ubukoloni yari ifite.Urugero:
1.
Ubwoko bwita Ababemba bo muri
Congo,bisanga kandi muri Zambia,
2.
Ubwoko bw’abakongo nabwo bisanga mu
bihugu 3 aribyo Kongo
Kinshasa,Congo-Brazza na Angola,
3.
Abitwa Abandande nabo bisanga muri
Nord-Kivu(DRC),ahitwa I I Butembo na Uganda ahitwa Kasese,
Ayo moko yose tuvuze haruguru
yisanga mu bihugu bitandukanye nta kibazo bagira muri Congo kuko bavugako ari
benewabo ba BATOUS.Urugero,nuko usanga impunzi z’abanyarwanda za 1994
n’abarundi bahunze muri 1972 nta kibazo gishingiye kuri Politiki muri Congo.
Hanze y’imipaka ya Congo,Abasomali,n’aba Ethiopiya
bisanga muri Somali
na Ethiopie bakisanga no muri Kenya.Imvugo
n’indemo byabo nabyo birasa muribyo bihugu byose. Bityo,Izo mpamvu zose zitwajwe nta
shingiro zifite.
- URUHARE RWA LETA YA CONGO MURI IZO MVURURU.
Mu mwaka wa 1981 Leta yasohoye
itegeko rikumira abo bise mu rurimi rw’igifaransa “les Transplantés”ku
bwenegihugu n’ubundi burenganzira bw’ibanze mu gihugu bitwaje impamvu
zikurikira:
ü U
Rwanda n’U Burundi ntibyigeze na rimwe byemerera ubwenegihugu abantu bakomoka
muri Congo,
ü Ko
Abatutsi batemerera gushingirana n’andi moko ya Congo,
ü Ko
Abatutsi bakomeje imico yabo ibyo byavuzwe na “Centre d’Etude sur la Région des
Grands Lacs d’Afrique,d’Envers,Decembre 1996,P.14”
Nubwo
iryo tegeka ritarebaga Abanyamulenge,abanye Politiki babi baboneyeho
kurikoresha mu kurwanya ubwenegihugu bw’Abanyamurenge n’abandi batutsi
b’abanyekongo bakavugako “Udashobora kuba Umututsi ngo wongere ube
Umukongomani”.Nibwo mu myaka ya 1982-1987 za Candidatures z’abatutsi ba Congo
zakuwe kuri liste z’aba “Parlementaires” babashinjako ari abashitsi(nationalité
douteuse) biyibagizako bivuguruje kuko abatutsi b’abakongomani bari barangije
izindi mandats zirenga zibiri bari muri Parlement nka RWAKABUBA SHINGA na
MUHOZA GISARO Isaac.Iryo Vangura ry’ubwoko bw’abatutsi mu nzego z’ubuyobozi bwa
Leta ntiryigeze rya ryamaganwa n’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa
muntu,haba amatorero cyangwa se société civile.
Ingaruka ziryo vangura
n’uko Abanyamulenge batwitse impapuro z’amajwi y’amatora.Izo mpanuka ntabwo
zigeze zivugwa n’itangazamakuru rya Congo kuko Leta nyirabayazana yatinyagako
bimenyekana mu mahanga.
Leta
imaze kubonako ibyo bidashobotse,ihindura “strategies”nibwo yapanze ibarura ryo
kumenya umwenegihugu n’utariwe “Qui est zairois et qui ne l’est pas”
(recensement ya identification).Uwafashe iyambere mu gushishikariza bagenzibe
b’aba députés gukora iryo barura n’uwahoze yungirije Prezida w’Inteko
nshingamategeko Anzuluni MBEMBE Ukomoka mu bwoko bw’Ababembe.Iyo recensement
yabyaye impaka zarangiye hapfuye abantu babiri ahantu hitwa mu Turambo.RUKAMIRWA
ukomoka mu bwoko bw’abanyamurenge na NDURWE W’umubembe.
Bamwe biyitaga
abakongomani ariko bakomoka mu Burundi no mu Rwanda nka MUSHOBEKWA WA
KATANA,KANYEGERI w’umupfurero wahoze ari Parlementaire,KENGO WA DONDO WAHOZE
ari Minisitiri w’intebe kugirango berekane ko ari abakongomani nibo bafashe
iyambere mu kurwanya abatutsi nka RWAKABUBA SHINGA,MUSENYERI
KANYAMACUMBI,n’abandi benshi……
Mu
mwaka wa 1990,FPR INKOTANYI yateye u Rwanda,ubwo abatutsi bose muri Congo
bongeye kugira ikibazo gikomeye bafatwa nk’abafasha abanzi b’u Rwanda kubera
yuko FPR yari igizwe ahanini n’abatutsi kandi ari ntaho u Rwanda rwari ruhuriye
na Cngo muri icyo kibazo.Iyo yabaye impamvu yemewe na Leta ya Congo yo
guhohotera no kwica rubozo abatutsi.Abasore bose b’abatutsi biswe Inkotanyi.
Mu
mwaka wa 1993,Abatutsi b’aba Kongomani bakoraga akazi k’ubwarimu mu mashuri
abanza n’ayisumbuye mu gihugu cy’I Burundi barishwe kugeza kuwanyuma bazira
ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi bwa Melchior NDADAYE ryakozwe n’abatutsi b’abarundi.
Mu
mwaka wa 1994,abahutu bahunze u Rwanda basize bakoze jenoside y’abatutsi.Izo
nkoramaraso zigeze muri Congo zikora icyo zise “Coalition pour la cause
éthnique des Grands Lacs Africains”.Urwo rwunge rw’abicanyi rwari rufite intego
yo gutsemba abatutsi abo ni:
EX-FAZ,EX-FAR,INTERAHAMWE,FDD-Nyangoma,FNL-PALPEHUTU,FROLINA,
GRASAB(Groupe
d’action et de soutien à Anzuluni MBEMBE) na ISILINYONGO,……
Iryo huriro ry’abicanyi niryo
ryaje gukora ibara I Murenge(Massacre des Banyamulenge en Aout 1996)niyo mpamvu
inteko HCR-PT(Haut Conseil de la Republique-Parlement de Transition yari
yarasohoye itegeko ku bwenegihugu bwa Congo rigira riti:”Umu zairwa ufite
inkomoko yo mu Rwanda no mu Burundi hatitaweho igihe yaziye,yambuwe ku
mugaragaro ubwenegihugu abaye;immigré cyangwese refugié cyangwase
stranger,kubera iyo mpamvu,agomba kwirukanwa no kunyagwa ibye.Abo bavugwaga bari
abatutsi n’ibyabo.
Iryo huriro kandi niryo
ryongeye gukora ubwicanyi ,ndetse jenoside y’abatutsi bo muri Nord Kivu
bifatanije na Groupe Ngirima,Magrivi na Mai mai.Ubwo bwicanyi bwa Nord Kivu
bwafashe intera nini ndetse abatutsi baricwa abacitse ku icyumu barahunga.
Ku
minsi 19/12/1995,Komiseri wa zone ya Uvira,Bwana SHWEKA MUTABAZI II,yasohoye
urwandiko No 507275157C.7/95 rusaba umuyobozi ushinzwe iperereza(SNIP)
guhamagaza Abanyamurenge ba Uvira bose, kubata muri yombi,no kubasubiza mu
Rwanda kugirango hubahirizwe itegeko rya HCR-PT.
D.URUHARE RWA SOCIETE CIVILE NA ONG’S.
Ku minsi 16/09/1996,Umuvugizi wa
ONU mu citwaga Zaire ,Bwana Roberton Garreton yashinje ubugambanyi n’ubwicanyi
bw’abatutsi ama Societés Civiles nama ONG muraya magambo: ”Ont une
responsabilité dans les évenements certaines Organisations de defense de droits
de l’homme qui ont choisi l’incitation a la haine raciale et au nettoyage
éthnique au lieu de la defense de persecutés”.Ama socités civiles amwe n’amwe
yamaganye ibya nyirarureshwa ubwo bwicanyi ibwita tracasseries aho kubivuga
mw’izina ry’ubwicanyi bushingiye ku bwoko buganisha kuri jenoside.Imwe murizo
niyitwa “les heritiers de la justice”(ONG Protestante y’I Bukavu).Naho izindi
zihitamo kwicecekera.
1. UVIRA.
Ihuriro rya za Organisation ryitwa
Bucong(Bureau de Concertation des ONG’s na Lubunga/Fizi bahise basohora
itangazo rikubiyemo ibibera mu misozi y’Itombwe.Umutwe waryo wavugaga uti:
(Odyssée des Populations Tutsi Rwandaises,la part de la responsables des ONG’s
Groupe Milima,point de vue des Associations membres Bucong Uvira et Lubunga
Fizi).Abashizeho imikono ” signataires” banditse ijambo Tutsi Rwandais inchuro
zirenga mirongo itatu na rimwe.
Ku
itariki 31/11/1996,Umuyobozi w’indi ONG yitwa ACORD,Bwana PANDA WA MUKULA
yandikiye mugenzi we w’I Bujumbura LOSELOSE amusaba kwifatanya naba Mai-Mai
avuga muraya magambo”Pour calmer ton inquietude sur notre sort après la prise
d’Uvira,par les rebelles tutsi autoproclames Banyamulenge,nos militants Mai-mai
viennent de chaser les Rwandais du siege de la zone de Fizi 400 rwandais tués
on arrive pas à enterer tout le monde”.Abo yavugaga n’aba sivili b’abaturage
b’inganji.
2. I BUKAVU.
Imyigaragambyo yurudaca yakorewe I
Bukavu yiswe anti-Tutsi iririmbwamo amasiroga avugango ”Batutsi bote barudiye
kwabo hatubataki mu Zaire yetu”.Ndetse nyuma yo guhunga kw’abanyamurenge muri
Bukavu(ku ntambara Mbudja-Mabe-Nkunda na Mutebutsi)abakongomani bandi moko
bavuzeko “la
ville de Bukavu Propre sans Tutsi”bivuga mu rurimi rwacuko Umujyi wa
Bukavu ufite isuku kuko nta Mututsi ukiwurimo kuko bamwe bishwe abandi bahunze.
3. I MASISI.
Ihuriro ryitwa MAGRIVI ry’abahutu
n’abahunde bari bihaye intego yo kumaraho abatutsi.Iryo huriro ryatsembye
abatutsi rinabaroha mu mugezi witwa Kinihira n’abandi babataba mu byobo.
Mu
mwaka wa 1990,ubwicanyi bukorwa na Leta(berêts rouges na SARM)n’abo ba MAGRIVI
babashinja ko ari Inkotanyi.
4. VYURA MU NTARA YA KATANGA.
Abatutsi babarizwaga
hatatu:Nord Kivu,Sud Kivu na Katanga Vyura.Aha hari ku birometres 180 uva mu
majyepfo ya ville ya Kalemie no muri 156 mu majyaruguru ya zone ya
Moba.Abatutsi ba Byura bari mu ma collectivités atatu:
Nganya,Tumbwe
na Kansabala.Ama localités yabo yari:Kabogola Kingungwa,Mukiza,Semabarabara,Karimundoga
na Muzirandete.Hari hatuwe n’abatutsi 21,217.
Intambara
za Politiki zabaga muri za Kivu zombi byura nayo ntiyasonewe.Nibwo habaye
urukurikirane rw’intambara zikurikira:
Intambara ya Kalabe:
ku itariki ya 27/07/1985,umukuru w’Abatabwa witwaga Kalabe akaba n’uwigeze kuba
Administrateur w’I Territoire yagoboye intambara yise Moba I na Moba II kandi
ihitana abatari bake igamije gusubiza abatutsi mu Rwanda no mu Burundi.
Intambara ya recensement:Ku
itariki ya le 05/11/1989,intambara ya mbere ntiyashoboye kubirukana.Kubera iyi
mpamvu hahinduwe strategies yo kubambura indangamuntu no kuzisimbuza Cartes
d’immigres nyuma y’ibyo bakirukanwa izuba riva.Nibwo uwitwa Mukeba
Mupanga,Commissaire sous regional abitegetswe n’uwahoze ari Ministre des
affaires territorial wari umukuriye kandi nawe ukomoka murako gace Bwana Mwando
NTSIMBA.Nibwo abanyamurenge babyanze,ubwo ba chefs nabagabo babohewe Lubumbashi
mu gihe cy’Umwaka wose.
Intambara y’imyambi:Ku
itariki 01/01/19992 nibwo iyo ntabara yabaye izanwe n’uwitwa Nguz A Karl Bond
wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe abifashijwemo kandi na MWANDO SIMBA bashuka aba
Chefs de Groupements babiri:Bwana KABWELA na FATUMA nabo bashukashuka abaturage
b’abatabwa kurwanya abatutsi bo muri byura bakoresheje imyambi n’imiheto.
- INTAMBARA YO GUHIRIKA UBUTEGETSI BWA MOBUTU.
Iyo ntambara yatangiriye mu
burasirazuba bwa Congo Leta nayo iboneraho gutoteza no gutsemba ubwoko
bw’abatutsi aho bwari buri hose bitwajeko bafasha AFDL yari iyobowe na
L.D.Kabila kuko iyo ntambara yashigikiwe n’abari barabujijwe amahwemo no
kwamburwa uburenganzira bwabo.Abatutsi baserukirwaga na Deogratias BUGERA na
BIZIMA KARAHA na KAMANZI.Iyi niyo ntambara yatsembye ikanasenyera abatutsi bari
batuye mu duce dukurikira:Masisi,Rucuru,Bibogobogo,I Mirimba na Nganji.
- INTAMBARA YA RCD-KABILA
Ku itariki 02/08/1998,indi
ntambara yongeye kubuka mu burasirazuba bwa Congo.Ubwo umujyanama wo muri
Perezidansi Abdulaye NDOMBASI YERODIYA,yahitishije itangazo kuri Radio na
Televizio ryita abatutsi iminyorogoto igomba guhonyorwa naho uwitwa Mwenze
KONGOLO Minisitiri muri Perezidansi ahitisha itangazo rigira riti:”Abatutsi
bagomba kubona urwabonye Abayahudi(Les Tutsis doivent subir le sort des
juifs)ubwo ararikira abaturage kwica abatutsi.Ubwicanyi butandukira aharenze
Kms 2000 uvuye ahatangiriye intambara aho ni nka
Byura,Kalemie,Moba,Kamina,Likasi,Lubumbashi,Kolwezi,Bujimayi,Kananga,Kinshasa,n’ahandi.Ubwo
bwicanyi bwashyizwe mu bikorwa n’abasirikare ba Leta babifashijwemo n’abaturage
babitegetswe na nyakwigendera Perezida Laurent
Desiré Kabila.Abacitse ku icumu bo muri Province
ya Katanga n’abandi bari baturutse mu ma Province atandukanye ya Congo bisanze
muri Uvira.
Mu mwaka wa 2004,nibwo Leta
ya Congo,inzego zibanze za Kivu y’amajyepfo ndetse n’izagisirikare byatangiye
kwica abaturage b’abatutsi batuye mu ma villes ya Uvira na Bukavu.Abacitse ku
icumu bahungira mu bihugu by’u Rwanda no mu
Burundi.
Abari
batuye Bukavu bahungiye mu Rwanda naho abari
muri ville ya Uvira bahunze intambara yari hagati ya Gen.Laurent
Nkunda,Col.Mutebutsi ku ruhande rumwe na , Gen.MBUDJA Mabe Commandant wa 10e
Region Militaire ku rundi ruhande bahungira mu gihugu cy’I Burundi mu
GATUMBA.Abatutsi 5000 bahatujwe na Guverinema y’u Burundi na HCR byavuzwe na
Deo Mugongo”Ils ont été installés à Gatumba par le gouvernement Burundais et le
HCR”.Nubwo hari hizewe umutekano wa Leta na HCR ntibyabujije abicanyi
b’abasirikare b’abakongomani bafatikanjije na FNL-Palpehutu gutsemba mu buryo
buteguye izo mpunzi z’abanyamurenge mu ijoro ryo kuwa 13-14/08/2004 bahitana
166 bakomeretsa abarenga 211.
Ibi byose byagiye bikorwa Umuryango
mpuzamahanga ubizi ariko ntihagira icyo ubikoraho usibye ubwicanyi bwo mu
GATUMBA wakoreye Raporo zibiri:
1. Raporo
No 1577/2004 yakozwe n’akanama k’umuryango w’abibumbye gashinzwe umutekano
kw’isi,
2. Raporo
S/2004/821 yo ku itariki 05/10/2004 y’imiryango mpuzamahanga
itandukanye(MONUC,ONUB na Human Right Watch,
Murizo
Raporo zombi Umuryango mpuzamahanga usaba ko abakoze ubwo bwicanyi ndengakamere
bashyikirizwa Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha.
Ikibabaje n’uko kugeza ubu
abiyemereko bakoze ayo marorerwa
bakicidegembya kw’isi yose ndetse bamwe bakaba bari no mubuyobozi bukuru
bw’igihugu cy’Uburundi(Pasteur HABIMANA),
Ikindi,nkuko
twabivuze hejuru,n’uko abayobozi bakuru ba Congo nabo bagiye bakangurira abantu
gutsemba abatutsi b’abakongomani nabo bakicidegembya kandi nta raporo bigeze
bakorerwa n’Umuryango mpuzamahanga,
Dushoje
ikiganiro cyacu tubagaragarizako:
-
Izi Raporo zibiri z’Umuryango
mpuzamahanga ko ibyo zasabye bitigeze bikurikizwa,
-
Kugeza ubu Umuryango mpuzamahanga
utigeze ukurikirana amagambo mabi yakoreshejwe n’abayobozi ba Congo mu
gukangurira abaturage no gushyira mu bikorwa genoside yakorewe abakongomani bo mu bwoko
bw’abatutsi.